《金融论坛》2008年第2期中英文目录及摘要

　　2、商业银行法律风险防控体系优化建设对策研究
　　张 炜 (12)
　　Study on How to Optimize the Legal Risk Control System of Commercial Banks
　　ZHANG Wei

　　3、析应收账款质押登记制度的立法缺陷
　　葛力伟　段维明　张 芳　吴中明 (18)
　　Defects in Legislation of Registration of Pledge Receivables
　　GE Li-wei　DUAN Wei-ming　ZHANG Fang　WU Zhong-ming

　　4、组织变革与商业银行分支机构绩效评价模式研究
　　潘小明 (26)
　　Organization Transformation and The Evaluation of Branch's Performance of Commercial Bank
　　PAN Xiao-ming

　　5、关于创建中小企业“1+N”授信模式的研究
　　刘长宏　王春晖　吴 迪 (32)
　　Research on "1+N" Credit Pattern Applicable to SMS Enterprises
　　LIU Chang-hong　WANG Chun-hui WU Di

　　6、改善中小企业融资监管环境策略探析
　　孙俊波　杜信立 (37)
　　Strategies for Improving SMS Enterprises' Financing Supervision Environment
　　SUN Jun-bo　DU Xin-li

　　7、银行业前瞻性贷款损失准备金计提方法的研究
　　李宇嘉　陆 军 (42)
　　A Study on Provisioning for Forward-looking Loan Loss in the Banking
　　LI Yu-jia　LU Jun

　　8、浮动利率房贷提前还款的损失度量
　　卜壮志　徐成贤 (49)
　　The Measurement of Commercial Bank's Loss Caused by Prepayment of Mortgage Loan under Floating Interest Rate
　　BU Zhuang-zhi　XU Cheng-xian

　　9、中国信用担保机构的信用风险分析
　　袁 象　余思勤　卞杰 (53)
　　Study on Credit Risk of Chinese Credit Guarantee Institutions
　　YUAN Xiang　YU Si-qin　BIAN Yue-jie

　　10、商业银行服务质量的度量及其对客户忠诚度的影响
　　陈 莹　武志伟 (58)
　　The Measurement of Chinese Commercial Banks' Service Quality and Its Influence on Customer Loyalty
　　CHEN Ying　WU Zhi-wei

　　次贷危机拖累全球经济增长 国内结构性调控有望加强－－2007年国际国内经济金融运行分析及2008年展望
　　中国工商银行城市金融研究所课题组

　　［摘 要］随着美国次贷危机的滞后影响逐渐增强，全球经济增速整体上出现放缓的势头。国内经济在保持良好增长态势的同时，亟待解决以下问题：通胀压力持续加大，货币和信贷增长速度偏快，流动性过剩仍待疏导，投资反弹压力不容忽视，外贸顺差增长规模偏大以及经济增长的效益和质量有待进一步提升。商业银行应主动保持信贷均衡增长，加快信贷退出，优化贷款结构，增加贷款议价能力，加快收入结构转型和创新，大力发展非信贷业务。
　　［关键词］　宏观调控；流动性；信贷；汇率

　　［Abstract］ With the increasingly aggravation of American subprime crisiss hysteresis effect, the global economy's increase speed appears a slowdown trend. In addition to keeping a healthy development state, domestic economy has to face the following challenges: inflation pressure is exacerbating, the increase speed of money supply and loan is faster than normal, the excessive liquidity still needs to be guided, investment rebounding force should not be ignored, foreign trade surplus is accelerating and the efficiency and quality of economic growth need to be improved. As to commercial banks, it is necessary to actively take following measures: keeping the balanced increase of credit, speeding up the credit withdrawal, optimizing credit structure, enhancing their credit bargaining power, accelerating the transformation of revenue structure and innovation and vigorously furthering the development of non-credit business.
　　［Key words］ macro-control; liquidity; credit; exchange rate

　　商业银行法律风险防控体系优化建设对策研究
　　张 炜

　　［摘 要］　法律风险是商业银行经营管理过程中面临的重要风险之一。作者在分析了我国商业银行的法律风险具有多元化、国际化、复杂化、影响扩大化和风险责任个人化特征的基础上，介绍了国际知名银行的法律风险防控相关实践经验，并就进一步健全和完善我国商业银行法律风险防控体系建设问题提出了具体的对策建议，主要包括明确法律风险防控体系的基本架构、完善内部法律工作体制和机制、妥善处理上市银行法律风险问题、进一步提升法律咨询审查工作质量和效率、建立健全被诉案件风险防控机制、进一步加强法律专业队伍建设以及合理发挥外部律师与内部法律人员的互补作用等。
　　［关键词］　商业银行；法律风险；风险防控

　　［Abstract］ Legal risk is one of the key risks that commercial banks have to face during their operation. Chinese commercial banks' legal risks appear following characteristics: pluralism, internationalization, complication, influence extension and personal assumption of the risk responsibility. Given those characteristics, the paper first introduces relevant practices of other international banks in controlling legal risks, and then puts forward detailed countermeasures on how to further improve domestic legal risk control system of commercial banks as follows: clarify the framework of legal risk control system, advance the internal legal working mechanism, properly deal with listed banks' legal risk problems, advance the quality and efficiency of legal consulting and censoring function, establish and optimize the risk control mechanism of accused cases, continue to strengthen the construction of professional legal staff and give full play to the complementary function of external attorney and internal legal staff.
　　［Key words］ commercial bank; legal risk; risk control

　　析应收账款质押登记制度的立法缺陷
　　葛力伟　段维明　张 芳　吴中明

　　［摘 要］　中国人民银行《应收账款质押登记办法》和《中国人民银行征信中心应收账款质押登记操作规则》的制定和实施以及应收账款质押登记公示系统的建立启用，初步建立起了我国应收账款质押登记制度。然而，该制度存在质权人单方办理登记、自助登记弱化管理职能、登记效力不及第三方付款人、权利义务倒置等理论和制度设计上的立法缺陷，使应收账款质押登记中极易产生法律风险，据此，笔者提出了相应修改和完善的建议。最后，笔者还提出了应收账款登记制度对商业银行的双重影响，在推动商业银行信贷业务发展的同时，其带来一定程度的风险也应引起商业银行的重视。
　　［关键词］　应收账款；质押登记；立法缺陷；法律风险

　　［Abstract］ With the promulgation of Measures for the Registration of Pledge Receivables and Operating Rules of Credit Reference Center of The People's Bank of China on the Registration of Pledge Receivables and the employment of Pledge Receivables Registration Notification System, China's registration regulation of Pledge Receivables is preliminarily established. However, there are some legislation defects in this regulation, which easily result in legal risks. For instance, pledgers may make unilateral registration, self-service registration can weaken supervision function, the registration effectiveness does not encounter the third party payer and rights and duties may invert. On this basis, the author proposes several suggestions to amend and improve those stipulations. Finally, the author points out the double influences of registration regulation of pledge receivables on commercial banks, so it is important for commercial banks to pay close attention to the relevant risks stemming from pledge receivables along with expanding their credit business.
　　［Key words］ account receivable; registration of pledge; legislation defect; legal risk

　　组织变革与商业银行分支机构绩效评价模式研究
　　潘小明

　　［摘 要］　本文首先对金融机构绩效评价的典型方法和发展趋势进行了回顾和总结，对金融机构绩效的理论研究分为绩效概念的研究和绩效评估工具的研究两大类，而在实践中，将财务指标和非财务指标融为一体的线性综合评价方法已成为主流。为适应金融改革要求，国内商业银行分支机构改革快速推进，流程重组、交叉服务、业务线经营以及提高网点依存度等因素使得分支机构传统边界被打破，职能发生变化，相应的绩效计量模式也受到深刻影响，本文评估了这些因素的影响机制，并提出了商业银行分支机构业绩计量和运用的新模式。
　　［关键词］　组织变革；分支机构改革；业绩计量

　　［Abstract］ First, the paper reviews the typical evaluation methods and developing trends of financial institution's performance. The research on financial institution's performance mainly focuses on two aspects: the concepts of performance and the tools of performance evaluation. To satisfy the requirements of financial reform, the reform of commercial bank branch is accelerating, and various factors, such as process reengineering, cross service, operation based on business line and the enhancement of dependence degree among branches, have broken the traditional boundaries among branches. Moreover, the change of branch functions makes significant impacts on their performance evaluation. The paper elaborates the above-mentioned factors' influential mechanisms and puts forward a new approach to estimate commercial bank branch's performance.
　　［Key words］ organization transformation, the reform of commercial bank branch, performance evaluation

　　关于创建中小企业“1+N”授信模式的研究
　　刘长宏　王春晖　吴 迪

　　［摘 要］　由于普遍缺乏系统性、标准化的中小企业授信模式支持，目前我国商业银行的中小企业授信业务及相关业务的推进速度、风险控制成效均受到一定的束缚或制约。本文就此提出了以各种授信集群为平台，借助集群核心介质的风险分担能力，在核心介质与集群内中小企业之间科学地规划与分布风险控制点，进而实现安全、快速、批量处理个案业务的系统性、标准化的中小企业授信模式，并相应给出了“或有授信额度”这一概念及其测算的具体方法和原理。
　　［关键词］　中小企业；1+N授信模式；或有授信额度

　　［Abstract］ Lack of the support of systematic and standard credit pattern applicable to SMS enterprises, the developing speed of business around SMS enterprise’s credit and the risk control efficiency are restrained. Given this background, the paper proposes a new and standard approach to make credit business to SMS enterprises. In detail, by using various credit groups and the core medium's risk sharing capability in each group, commercial banks can scientifically plan risk control points between the core medium and SMS enterprises in a credit group and ensure that each business can be disposed safely, rapidly and in batches. Moreover, the paper also puts forward a new concept－－contingent credit line and introduces how to estimate it.
　　［Key words］ small-and-medium sized enterprise, "1+N"credit pattern, contingent credit line

　　改善中小企业融资监管环境策略探析
　　孙俊波　杜信立

　　［摘 要］　中小企业是市场经济的重要组成部分，是推动我国经济发展的主要动力之一，但其融资难问题仍旧很突出，经济贡献加大与政策扶植不足之间的反差越来越大。本文针对我国中小企业的融资现状，从金融监管环境的视角分析我国中小企业融资难的重要原因，并试图从拓宽融资渠道、优化政府扶持、改善融资环境、加快金融体制改革等政府监管职能方面提出切实可行的建议。
　　［关键词］　中小企业；融资环境；政府监管

　　［Abstract］ Small-and-medium sized enterprises play a vital role in the market economy and are also one of major driving forces to Chinese economic growth. However, due to their difficulties in financing, the contrast between SMS enterprises' economic contribution and their policy support is increasingly marked. Focusing on SMS enterprises' financing status, the paper analyzes the causes of their difficulties in financing from the perspective of financial supervision environment and proposes several practical suggestions, such as broadening their financing , advancing policy support, improving financing environment and accelerating financial system reform.
　　［Key words］ small-and-medium sized enterprise, financing environment, government supervision

　　银行业前瞻性贷款损失准备金计提方法的研究
　　李宇嘉　陆 军

　　［摘 要］　在信贷市场信息不完全和历史成本会计法的条件下，银行前瞻性地计提贷款准备金具有必然性。本文从贷款定价的角度分析了银行计提贷款准备金的基本原理，基于对前瞻性的贷款准备金计提方法的理论依据、国际银行业的实施现状及所存在问题的考察，提出了基于马尔可夫链预测思想的前瞻性的贷款准备金的新思路，并分析了其运作机理及可行性。
　　［关键词］　信息不完全；历史成本会计法；贷款准备金；马尔可夫链

　　［Abstract］ With the incomplete information in the credit market and the historical cost accounting, it is necessary for banks to provision for the loan loss in advance. From the angle of loan pricing, the paper analyzes the principles of how to draw the loan provision. On the basis of those principles and the investigation aiming to the status quo and problems of the international banking, the paper puts forward a new way to draw the forward-looking loan provision stemming from the forecasting thoughts of Markov Chain and elaborates the operational mechanism and the feasibility.
　　［Key words］ incomplete information; historical cost accounting; loan loss provision; Markov Chain

　　浮动利率房贷提前还款的损失度量
　　卜壮志　徐成贤

　　［摘 要］　住房抵押贷款是银行一项重要业务和资产。随着利率的波动和其他因素的影响，借款人有可能提前还款从而影响银行的收益。准确地度量提前还款给银行带来的损失有助于商业银行更好地管理这类经营风险。在具有均值回复特性的随机市场利率和服从纯跳跃过程的浮动住房贷款利率条件下，以最常见的每月等本金还款方式为基础，根据对利率的预测，使用求期望的办法估算出银行房贷总收益的预期值,然后将该预期值折现到提前还款发生时刻，从而构造出借款人在合同期间提前偿还房贷给银行造成的利息损失度量模型。
　　［关键词］　浮动利率房贷；随机利率；提前还款；损失度量

　　［Abstract］ The mortgage loan is an important business and asset of commercial banks. Affected by interest rate fluctuation and other factors, the borrower may prepay the mortgage, which makes negative impacts on the bank's profits. The accurate measurement of bank's loss caused by the prepayment helps commercial bank to manage such operation risk. Under conditions of stochastic discount rate with the mean reversion characteristic and the mortgage interest rate subjected to pure jump process, this paper uses expectation method to estimate bank's expected revenue on the basis of equal capital payment per month in different interest rate prediction. Then the paper makes a discount of this expected revenue to the moment of prepayment and constructs a measurement model of commercial bank's interest loss caused by borrower's prepayment.
　　［Key words］ floating interest rate mortgage loan; stochastic discount rate; prepayment; loss measurement

　　中国信用担保机构的信用风险分析
　　袁 象　余思勤　卞杰

　　［摘 要］　信用担保机构对于解决中小企业融资难问题发挥了重要的作用，但其本身的信用风险越来越大，如何评估担保机构的信用风险以及如何降低担保机构的信用风险是摆在监管层的一个非常现实的问题。通过对全国39家信用担保机构的信用评级，我们发现，民营担保机构的信用级别普遍较低，资本金越大则担保机构的信用级别越高，担保余额越小则信用级别越低等特点。为了降低担保机构的信用风险，担保机构要加强内部风险管理意识和水平；相关的政府要加强监管，建立行业准入制度和从业人员的资格考核制度。
　　［关键词］　担保机构；信用评级；信用风险

　　［Abstract］ Although guarantee institutions play an important role in solving small-and-medium sized enterprise's financing problem, the credit risk of those institutions themselves is becoming increasingly bigger. How to estimate such risk and reduce it is a realistic problem to supervisors. By investigating 39 credit guarantee institutions' credit rating, the authors find that private guarantee institutions' credit ratings are generally low. Moreover, those institutions appear the trend that the bigger of their capital size, the higher of the credit rate and the smaller of the guarantee balance, the lower of the credit rating. To reduce their credit risks, not only guarantee institutions have to enhance their internal risk management, but also should the government strengthen the supervision and construct the industry admittance system and employees' qualification examination system.
　　［Key words］ guarantee institution; credit rating; credit risk

　　商业银行服务质量的度量及其对客户忠诚度的影响
　　陈 莹　武志伟

　　［摘 要］　对于我国商业银行而言，能够准确了解消费者对服务质量的认知，实施高效的客户关系管理，是应对外资银行竞争的有效手段。本文在回顾国内外相关研究文献的基础上，通过问卷调查对我国商业银行服务质量的度量及其对客户忠诚度的影响问题进行实证研究。研究发现，我国商业银行服务质量可以从服务态度与业务处理、便利性、安全性、稳定性和业务创新五个层面进行度量。同时，商业银行服务质量对客户忠诚度具有一定的影响，并且服务质量各因子影响客户忠诚的机理存在一定差异。
　　［关键词］　商业银行；服务质量；客户忠诚度；因子分析

　　［Abstract］ As to Chinese commercial banks, it is an effective approach to deal with foreign banks' competition by obtaining accurate information about consumers' cognition on service quality and thus fulfilling the effective CRM strategy. On the basis of the relevant literature review, by making a questionnaire survey, the author explores the method to measure the service quality of Chinese commercial banks and analyze its impacts on customers' loyalty. The result reviews that commercial banks' service quality can be measured from five dimensions, which are service attitude and business settlement, convenience, security, stability and business innovation. Moreover, those factors all have significant influences on customer loyalty, but their function mechanisms are different.
　　［Key words］ commercial bank; service quality; customer loyalty degree; factor analysis

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　　《金融论坛》2008年第1期中英文目录及摘要