1、商业银行分客户的盈利评价模型研究
徐程兴 谷 澍 (3)
Profit Evaluation Model on Separate Customers of Commercial Banks
XU Cheng-xing GU Shu (3)
2、流动性过剩下美国次贷危机的原因与借鉴
黄纪宪 张 超 (8)
Causes and Lessons of Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis in the United States with the Background of Excess Liquidity
HUANG Ji-xian ZHANG Chao (8)
3、美国次级抵押贷款危机对银行业改进的启示
边卫红 王家强 (13)
Enlightenment on Chinese Banking Improvement from the American Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis
BIAN Wei-hong WANG Jia-qiang (13)
4、工商银行信贷竞争力提升研究
中国工商银行江苏省分行课题组 (19)
The Improvement of ICBC's Competence on the Credit Business
The Study Group, Jiangsu Branch, ICBC (19)
5、美国商业银行资金来源结构的变迁及启示
钟永红 李 政 (27)
The Change of American Commercial Banks' Funds Source Structure and its Enlightenment to Chinese Commercial Banks
ZHONG Yong-hong LI Zheng (27)
6、公司金融业务与个人金融业务捆绑销售研究
江西省城市金融学会课题组 (34)
The Bundling Sale of Corporate Financial Business and Personal Financial Business
The Study Group of Urban Finance Society, Jiangxi Province (34)
7、金融市场开放背景下信用卡业务发展态势研究
许 伟 曾 屹 陈兴海 (41)
The Study of Developing Situation of Credit Card Business in Open Financial Market
XU Wei ZENG Yi CHEN Xing-hai (41)
8、打造以基金托管人为核心的独立监督实体
寻卫国 (47)
Constructing Independent Oversight Entities Centering on Mutual Fund Custodians
XUN Wei-guo (47)
9、我国商业银行发展私人银行业务研究
杭州金融研修学院课题组 (52)
A Study on the Development of Chinese Commercial Bank's Private Banking Business
The Study Group, Hangzhou Institute of Financial Studies (52)
10、基于网格的流程银行变革研究
周晓芬 顾宝炎 (58)
A Study of the Reform of Processing Bank Based on Grid
ZHOU Xiao-fen GU Bao-yan (58)
商业银行分客户的盈利评价模型研究
徐程兴 谷 澍
［摘 要］ 已有的分客户的盈利评价方法大多局限于计算分客户的会计利润，本文提出的商业银行分客户的EVA评价模型通过计量分客户的收入、分客户的成本以及分客户的经济资本成本，获得商业银行分客户盈利评价的EVA值。与以往的盈利评价方法相比，该模型考虑了对客户经营的风险因素以及资本成本，既可用于对客户的服务定价，也可用来确定各客户的EVA值，还可用来区分不同的客户类型，针对不同客户（群）实施差异化的经营策略，从而提高资源的配置效率，提升零售业务的市场竞争力。最后，文章指出该模型的实施需要商业银行具备较强的支撑平台。
［关键词］ 商业银行；分客户盈利评价；作业成本法；EVA
［Abstract］ The current profit evaluation approaches of separate customers are mainly limited in assessing their accounting profit. This paper proposes an EVA evaluation model on separate customers in which by calculating separate customer's income and cost and the cost of relevant capital at risk, we can obtain the EVA value of the separate customer. Compared with previous approaches, this model incorporates customer's risk factors and the capital cost. Besides pricing the service, it can be used to differentiate various customer types according to customer's EVA value. On this basis, commercial banks can carry out distinctive operating strategies aiming at different customer segments to enhance not only the allocation efficiency of resources but the retail business's competence. A strong supporting platform is required for commercial banks to utilize this model.
［Key words］ commercial bank; profit evaluation on separate customers; activity-based costing; EVA
流动性过剩下美国次贷危机的原因与借鉴
黄纪宪 张 超
［摘 要］ 2007年美国的次贷危机展现了现代金融风险错综复杂的特征。反思危机，本文认为在流动性过剩背景下，为追求利润的持续快速增长，商业银行很容易出现过度竞争，放松信贷标准，盲目扩大贷款客户群体，追逐高风险、高收益的投资品种和业务创新。对照我国银行业面临的宏观形势，流动性过剩也是困扰我国商业银行持续盈利和发展的一个外在因素。因此，借鉴美国次贷危机，作者提出以下建议：密切关注客观经济形势；加强内控制度建设，强化审慎合规经营理念；高度重视住房抵押贷款的风险；加速资产证券化的试点和推广，有效分散信贷风险；切实做好风险防范，加强全面风险管理；严格信贷标准和要求等。
［关键词］ 美国；流动性过剩；次贷危机；商业银行；博弈
［Abstract］ The sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States, erupted in 2007, shows the complicated characters of modern financial risks. With reflection of the crisis, the author argues that under the excess liquidity, commercial banks easily incline to excessively compete to keep profit's fast growth, by loosing the credit standards, blindly broadening the loan customer group and pursuing the investment instruments with high income followed by high risk and other business innovations. Given the current macro-economic situation in China, excess liquidity is also an external factor that restricts Chinese commercial banks' continued profitability and development. Therefore, drawing lessons from the crisis, the author puts forward the following suggestions: closely following the overall macro-economic trend, strengthening the construction of internal control mechanism, emphasizing the concept of prudence and compliance, paying close attention to the mortgage risks, improving the trial operation and expansion of the asset securitization business to effectively divert risks, making adequate precaution against risks by using comprehensive risk management and laying down strict credit standards and requirements.
［Key words］ the United States; excess liquidity; the sub-prime mortgage crisis; commercial bank; game
美国次级抵押贷款危机对银行业改进的启示
边卫红 王家强
［摘 要］ 美国次贷危机促使银行业积极应对房地产周期性调整，改进风险管理框架，进一步加强表外关联机构管理，优化区域布局。美国次贷危机对于中国银行业的警示作用大于直接影响。中国商业银行应当认识到房价快速上涨会掩盖大量的风险，应当重视房地产周期性调整风险，尤其是房地产信贷业务的信用风险、操作风险、政策性风险以及突发性事件引发的系统性风险，谨慎推进金融工具创新，专注于核心业务增长，优化区域布局，提高中国银行业的整体经营水平及抵御国内经济周期的实力，完善金融监管协调机制。
［关键词］ 次级抵押贷款；房地产抵押贷款支持证券；违约率；结构性投资工具
［Abstract］ The American sub-prime mortgage crisis stimulated the local banking to actively respond to real estate industry's cyclic adjustment, improve the framework of risk management, strengthen the management on related off-balance-sheet institutions and optimize the regional layout. For China, American sub-prime mortgage crisis is a warning rather than obviously direct impact. House price's rapid rising will cover a multitude of risks, so Chinese commercial banks should pay more attention to the risks triggered by real estate industry's cyclic adjustment, especially the credit risk, operational risk and policy risk concerning the real estate credit business and the system risks resulted from various emergencies. Moreover, the banking must prudently further the innovation of financial instruments, specialize in their core businesses, optimize the regional layout, enhance the overall operation capabilities to resist the impacts of business cycle and improve the coordinating mechanism of financial supervision.
［Key words］ sub-prime mortgage, mortgage-backed securities; default rate; structured investment vehicle
工商银行信贷竞争力提升研究
中国工商银行江苏省分行课题组
［摘 要］ 信贷竞争力是衡量商业银行经营管理水平的核心内容之一，主要表现为在有效控制风险前提下的市场拓展能力。我国国有商业银行的信贷经营无论是在盈利能力、资产质量等显性竞争力指标方面，还是在组织流程、营销能力、风险控制等隐性竞争力指标方面，与国内其他股份制商业银行或国外商业银行相比仍有一定差距。据此，本课题提出我国国有商业银行应以科学发展观正确认识信贷竞争力现状，准确理解信贷竞争力的特质，科学把握信贷竞争力的基本点；将宏观与微观相结合，探索从信贷战略管理、市场营销、组织流程、风险管理、服务创新、文化建设等6个方面提升信贷竞争力的具体途径。
［关键词］ 商业银行；工商银行；信贷经营；竞争力；信贷竞争力
［Abstract］ The competence on the credit business is one of key criteria to evaluate commercial bank's operation and management, which is mainly reflected in the market expansion capability with an effective risk control. There are obvious disparities in the credit operation level between domestic state-owned commercial banks and other shareholding commercial banks or foreign funded banks, from both visible competence indicators, such as profitability and asset quality, and invisible competence indicators, such as organization processing, marketing capability and risk control. Therefore, this study proposes that Chinese state-owned commercial banks should deepen their perception on the status of their credit business competence on the basis of the scientific development view, correctly understand the features of credit business competence and grasp its key points. Moreover, by combing the macro- and micro -conditions, state-owned commercial banks can explore feasible approaches to enhance their credit business competence from the following aspects: credit strategy management, marketing, organization processing, risk control, service innovation and enterprise culture construction.
［Key words］ commercial bank; ICBC; credit operation; competence; competence on the credit business
美国商业银行资金来源结构的变迁及启示
钟永红 李 政
［摘 要］ 本文介绍了美国商业银行资金来源管理的发展历程和不同规模商业银行筹资策略的选择，发现不同规模的商业银行结合自身特点在筹资中形成了各具特色的筹资渠道，如美国大型银行依靠股票溢价和留存收益补充权益资本，而中小银行主要依赖留存收益补充权益资本；大型银行主动性负债的占比要高于中小银行，中小银行对核心存款的依赖程度要高于大型银行等。通过与中国商业银行的对比分析，作者对中国商业银行的资本和负债管理提出以下建议：增强造血性权益资本补充渠道；正确认识发行次级债券的资本补充功能；关注中小银行资金来源结构中的经营风险。
［关键词］ 美国；商业银行；资金来源；资本；存款；资产负债管理
［Abstract］ The paper introduces the history of commercial banks' funds source management in the United States and compares the funds source choices of commercial banks in different sizes. The results show that those banks, combining with their features, have formed their distinctive financing . For instance, large banks depend on the stock premium and retained earnings to supplement the equity capital, while the small-and-medium sized banks mainly rely on the retained earnings. The initiative liability ratio in large banks is much higher than in small-and-medium sized banks, and the reliance on core deposit is more prominent in the latter. Given the comparison results between American and Chinese commercial banks, the paper proposes some suggestions for Chinese commercial bank's asset and liability management as follows: strengthen complementary to increase the equity capital, deepen the understanding on the capital supplement function of subordinated debentures and pay attention to the operating risks existing in small-and-medium sized bank's funds source structure.
［Key words］ the United States, commercial bank; funds source, capital, deposit, asset and liability management
公司金融业务与个人金融业务捆绑销售研究
江西省城市金融学会课题组
［摘 要］ 在商业银行同质化竞争进一步加剧，社会金融需求日益多元化的外部环境下，推行公司金融业务与个人金融业务捆绑销售是商业银行适应市场发展，提高营销效果，增强竞争能力的现实要求和必然趋势。以中国工商银行江西省分行为例，捆绑销售作为一种新的营销模式，尽管目前具备了一定的现实基础，也作了一些初步尝试，但要进一步完善和发展，需要从营销理念、运行平台、作业流程及保障机制等方面综合着力，以充分发挥工商银行综合资源优势，凝聚两大主体业务市场联动营销合力，全面打造核心竞争力，带动并促进各项业务规范、高效地发展。
［关键词］ 商业银行；公司金融业务；个人金融业务；捆绑销售
［Abstract］ With the aggravation of homogenized competition among commercial banks and increasing diversification of society's financial demands, it is a practical requirement and inevitable trend for commercial banks to carry out the bundling sale to improve their marketing efficiency and competence. Although ICBC Jiangxi Branch, as an illustration, has possessed the condition to pursue the bundling sale and has made initial attempt, to realize further development, it still needs to make integrated upgrade in the marketing notion, operating platform, work processing and safeguard mechanism. Thus it can make full use of ICBC's comprehensive resource advantages to achieve the joint force on the marketing of the two core businesses, forge the core competence and drive other businesses' compliant and efficient development.
［Key words］ commercial bank; corporate financial business; personal financial business; bundling sale
金融市场开放背景下信用卡业务发展态势研究
许 伟 曾 屹 陈兴海
［摘 要］ 信用卡业务是现代商业银行的重点业务，在国内金融市场全面开放后，我国银行业如何迎接这一挑战将在一定程度上影响着自身的竞争能力。本文从分析国内银行卡业务的发展现状出发，详细阐述了信用卡业务竞争激烈的原因、外资银行在信用卡业务上具有的优势，以及国内商业银行在信用卡业务上面临的挑战。在此基础上，提出了国内商业银行应从5个方面改进信用卡业务的经营管理，具体包括更新经营理念、完善相关制度体系、培养专业人才、健全营销机制和提升服务品质。
［关键词］ 金融市场；对外开放；商业银行；信用卡
［Abstract］ Given the significance of credit card business in the modern commercial bank operation, how Chinese commercial banks face the challenge of the overall opening-up of domestic financial market. On the basis of the introduction to the credit card business's developing status, the paper elaborates on the causes of intense competition in credit card business, foreign-funded banks' advantages in this business and challenges faced by domestic commercial banks. Moreover, the paper points out that domestic commercial banks should enhance the operation and management on the credit card business from the following five aspects: (1) updating the operating concept and make an active developing plan on this business; (2) improving the relevant regulation system and create a sound environment; (3) cultivating professional talents; (4) ameliorating the marketing mechanism and strengthen the brand improvement; (5) building service enterprises and advance the service quality.
［Key words］ financial market; opening-up; commercial bank; credit card
打造以基金托管人为核心的独立监督实体
寻卫国
［摘 要］ 我国将资产托管制度引入基金治理的10年来取得了良好效果，但由于发展历史较短及资本市场正处在新兴阶段，托管人的独立监督作用仍然面临质疑。根据托管业的10年实践检验和基金治理的国际经验，本文认为打造以托管人为核心的独立监督实体非常必要。现阶段应采取以托管人为核心，监管机构、交易所等为有效组成部分的模式打造我国的独立监督实体。同时托管人与其他独立监督实体组成部分之间应该建立密切的联系、沟通机制，以形成合力监督。另外，托管人应该以提高独立性为核心，与管理人及相关方建立严格的利益隔离机制；也需要进一步提高独立监督能力，满足独立监督标准。
［关键词］ 基金治理；托管；托管制度；托管人；独立监督实体
［Abstract］ Since China introduced the asset custody mechanism into the mutual fund governance 10 years ago, this mechanism has achieved good performance. However, the independent oversight function of custodians is still questioned due to the short history and the emerging stage of Chinese capital market. Both the 10-year's practice test of custody industry and the international experience of fund governance prove that it is highly necessary to build independent oversight entities centering on fund custodians. At this stage, it would be a feasible pattern to build Chinese independent oversight entities that regulation institutions and stock exchanges serve as the effective compositions with the core of custodians. At the same time, the custodians should establish close contact and communication mechanism with other independent oversight entities to form combining force of supervision. In addition, focusing on improving the independence, the custodians should establish the stringent interest-isolated mechanism and further enhance the independent oversight capabilities to meet independent oversight criteria.
［Key words］ mutual fund governance; custody system; custodian; independent oversight entity
我国商业银行发展私人银行业务研究
杭州金融研修学院课题组
［摘 要］ 本文从我国商业银行开展私人银行业务的背景出发，对私人银行的发展模式和策略进行了探讨。作者指出，改革开放以来我国经济金融的快速发展，造就了中国富人阶层的崛起和资本市场的快速发展，这为私人银行业务的开展提供了条件。通过对瑞士和美国私人银行模式的比较，认为我国发展私人银行应更多地借鉴美国的发展经验。本文最后针对存在的问题提出了相应的策略：健全相关法律政策和监管体系；培育高素质的符合私人银行业务需要的人才；推进商业银行综合化经营，为私人银行业务提供产品支持；根据我国的实际，定位客户市场；转变理念，创新组织架构；转变传统的营销服务理念；建立健全和完善个人信用体系。
［关键词］ 商业银行；私人银行业务；个性化服务；资产管理；综合经营
［Abstract］ Beginning with the developing background of Chinese commercial bank's private banking business, the paper makes an in-depth exploration into the private banking business's developing pattern and suitable strategies. The accelerating growth of Chinese economy since the reform and opening-up brings up the rise of the rich stratum and the capital market, which provide a nice environment for the private banking. By contrasting the different private banking patterns in Switzerland and the USA, the paper puts forward that American experience would be more suitable to Chinese private banking development. Focusing on the problems existed in the private banking, the paper proposes following strategies: improving relevant laws and regulations and the supervision system, cultivating the talented people required by the private banking, propelling commercial bank's comprehensive operation to provide product support for the private banking business, targeting the market segment according to the current situation, changing the notion to establish a new organization structure, switching the traditional concept on marketing and service and improving the construction of individual credit system.
［Key words］ commercial bank; private banking business; personalized service; asset management; comprehensive operation
基于网格的流程银行变革研究
周晓芬 顾宝炎
［摘 要］ 网格技术是令组织或者系统的资源实现共享和协同的技术,而网格化管理就是借用网格的资源共享、协同工作的核心理念来整合组织相关资源达到资源高效利用的一种管理模式。网格不仅是一种新的信息技术，更是一种管理工具，将其应用到流程银行的变革中将为中国银行业的经营管理模式转变提供一种全新的尝试。本文从介绍网格和网格化管理的特点入手，构建了一个网格化管理下的流程银行模式，对其运作机理进行了详细阐述，进而设计了与该模式相配套的银行组织架构，以实现流程银行变革的目标。
［关键词］ 网格；流程银行；网格化管理；风险控制
［Abstract］ Grid is the technology which can promote the resource sharing and coordinative working in an organization or in a system. Gird management is a management pattern which employs the core idea of grid to integrate an organization's relevant resources to utilize them with high efficiency. Grid is not only a new information technology but also a management tool and it can bring a virtually fresh attempt for China banking to realize the transformation of operation and management pattern, when used in processing bank's reform. On the basis of the features of grid and grid management, this paper constructs a processing bank model under the grid management and makes detailed elaboration on its operation mechanism. In addition, the paper designs a bank's organization structure to match the new management pattern and realize the transition to the processing bank.
［Key words］ grid; processing bank; grid management; risk control