理论研究
金融创新体系的基本框架与要素构成研究
成善栋 (5)
A Study on the Basic Framework and Component Elements of Financial Innovation System
CHENG Shan-dong (5)
资本充足率监管对银行信贷扩张的影响
李赟宏 李云雁 (10)
The Impacts of the Regulation of Capital Adequacy Ratio on Bank's Credit Expansion
LI Yun-hong LI Yun-yan (10)
基于共生网络的商业银行碳金融业务研究
周 艳 (17)
A Study on the Commercial Banks' Business of Carbon Finance Based on Symbiotic Network
ZHOU Yan (17)
应用研究
银行债权与盈余管理的公司治理效应
雷 强 李争争 (23)
The Bank's Claims and the Corporate Governance Effects of Earnings Management
LEI Qiang LI Zheng-zheng (23)
银行业上市公司盈利能力持续性的影响因素
郭小群 杨剑波 彭本红 (31)
The Influencing Factors of the Continuity of Listed Banking Companies' Profitability
GUO Xiao-qun YANG Jian-bo PENG Ben-hong (31)
大型银行与股份制银行存贷利差比较研究
何自云 (38)
The Comparing and Analysis of the Loan-to-Deposit Spreads of Large Banks and Joint-Stock Banks
HE Zi-yun (38)
商业银行内部评级法的违约概率预测新方法——含随机效应的二值响应面板数据模型
郑大川 沈利生 黄 震 (44)
A New Method for Predicting the Probability of Default in the Internal Ratings-Based Approach ——The Dichotomous Responsive Panel Data Model with Random-Effect
ZHENG Da-chuan SHEN Li-sheng HUANG Zhen (44)
业务探讨
集团关联企业风险管理模式探讨
高 忻 郑允弢 (51)
The Risk Management Model of Group's Related Enterprise
GAO Xin ZHENG Yun-tao (51)
商业银行高净值客户的管理与维护
中国工商银行宁波市分行课题组 (56)
The Management and Maintenance of High Net-Worth Customers of Commercial Banks
The Study Group of ICBC Ningbo Branch (56)
商业银行房地产信贷业务的风险与控制
匡小平 苏南宏 (62)
The Risk and Control of Commercial Bank's Real Estate Credit
KUANG Xiao-ping SU Nan-hong (62)
商业银行二级分行“扁平化改革”后的内控管理
中国工商银行河南省分行课题组 (68)
The Internal Control and Management of Commercial Bank's Secondary Branch after "Flat Reform"
The Study Group of ICBC Henan Branch (68)
调研报告
中国上市银行中间业务的运作效率与关联效益
闫晓晨 (74)
The Operational Efficiency and Correlative Benefits of Chinese Listed Banks' Intermediary Services
YAN Xiao-chen (74)
金融创新体系的基本框架与要素构成研究
成善栋
［摘 要］ 本文通过对金融创新相关要素的分析，提出金融创新的基本框架体系设想，该体系包括6个要素，即创新环境、创新主体、创新人才、创新资源、创新成果和创新辐射。其中，创新环境是支撑，构成了金融创新的金融生态；创新主体是基础，决定了金融创新的基本内涵；创新人才是核心，构成了金融创新的力量源泉；创新资源是金融创新的物质保障；创新成果是表现，反映了金融创新的总体效果；创新辐射是衍生，扩展了金融创新的影响范围。上述各个要素之间互为依存、相互支撑，构成了严密的逻辑体系，可以用来衡量和评价金融企业的总体发展水平。
［关键词］ 金融企业；金融创新；金融要素；核心竞争力
［Abstract］ Based on the analysis of factors related to financial innovation, this paper proposes a system design of the basic framework of financial innovation. The system includes six elements, namely, the innovation environment, the innovation subject, the innovation talent, the innovation resources, the innovation results and the innovative radiation. Among these elements, the environment is the support which constitutes a financial ecology of financial innovation. The subject is the foundation which determines the basic meaning of financial innovation. The talent is the core which constitutes the strength source for financial innovation. The resources provide the material guarantee for financial innovation. The results are the performance reflecting the overall effect of financial innovation. The radiation is a derivation which extends the impact scope of financial innovation. Various elements are inter-dependent and mutually support to form a tight system which can be used to measure and evaluate the overall development level of financial enterprises.
［Key words］ financial enterprises; financial innovation; financial elements; core competence
资本充足率监管对银行信贷扩张的影响
李赟宏 李云雁
［摘 要］ 本文利用中国12家银行2000~2008年的面板数据，就资本充足率监管对信贷扩张的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明：（1）2004年出台的《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》促使资本充足率监管由“软约束”向“硬约束”转变；（2）4家大型商业银行受到的影响小于8家股份制商业银行；（3）目前中国银行业并不存在“银行资本渠道”，8家股份制商业银行也不存在“资产负债表渠道”和“银行信贷渠道”，但会通过“资产负债表渠道”和“银行信贷渠道”对4家大型商业银行的信贷扩张造成影响。不良贷款率的降低有利于缓解银行的资本金压力，促进信贷扩张。
［关键词］ 商业银行；资本充足率监管；信贷扩张；不良贷款率
［Abstract］ This paper adopts Chinese 12 commercial banks' panel data from 2000 to 2008 to empirically analyze the impacts of the regulation of capital adequacy ratio on credit expansion. The results shows that: (1) "The Management Method of Commercial Bank Capital Adequacy Ratio", introduced in 2004，promotes the regulation of capital adequacy ratio to change from "soft constraints" to "hard constraint"; (2) four large commercial banks are affected less than eight joint-stock commercial banks; (3) at present, there is no "bank capital channel" in Chinese banking sector, and no "balance sheet channel" and "bank credit channel" in eight joint-stock commercial banks. But through "balance sheet channel" and "bank credit channel", the credit expansions of four large commercial banks are impacted. The lowering of the rate of non-performing loans will help bank to alleviate capital pressure and promote credit expansion.
［Key words］ commercial bank; regulation of capital adequacy ratio; credit expansion; ratio of non-performing loan
基于共生网络的商业银行碳金融业务研究
周 艳
［摘 要］ 碳金融共生网络是参与碳交易活动的银行、企业及各中介服务机构，以提升经济效益和自身发展为目的，通过多种合作方式实现整体综合效益最大化而形成的关系合集。在共生网络中，企业与“关键种”银行的联系最为紧密，银行信贷业务的调整直接关系着企业的融资活动。因此，银行针对企业制定一套标准化的、服务于碳金融的低碳信贷体系可以有效地促使企业融入碳金融的过程。本文分析了我国商业银行拓展碳金融市场存在的问题，提出应构建以银行为“关键种”的碳金融共生网络，以有效促使企业融入碳金融的参与过程。
［关键词］ 商业银行；碳金融；共生网络；低碳信贷评价指标体系
［Abstract］ Carbon finance based on symbiotic network is a relation set built by the banks, enterprises and intermediary service institutions involved in carbon trading. The purpose is the increase of economic efficiency, the self-development and the realization to maximize overall and integrated benefits through various ways of cooperation. In a symbiotic network, the link between enterprise and "keystone species bank" is closest. The adjustment of bank's credit is directly related to the enterprise's financing. Therefore, it can effectively promote the enterprise to join the carbon finance that banks build a low carbon credit system which is standardized and services the carbon finance. The article analyzes problems in the process that commercial banks expand their carbon financial market and recommends to establish the carbon finance based on symbiotic network in which bank is a "keystone species", to effectively promote enterprices to join in the process of carbon finance.
［Key words］ commercial bank; carbon finance; symbiotic network; evaluation index system of carbon credit
银行债权与盈余管理的公司治理效应
雷 强 李争争
［摘 要］ 本文将银行债权从公司总债权中分离出来，研究中国的银行债权对上市公司盈余管理的综合治理效应。基于上市公司2004~2007年共4 408个混合数据样本，对银行债权的综合治理效应、银行债权期限结构的治理效应和银行排名对盈余管理的影响进行分析。结果表明，银行总贷款额度、短期贷款和银行声誉与上市公司盈余管理的程度基本上呈负相关关系，短期贷款和银行排名对上市公司盈余管理的治理效应有一定影响，综合治理效应主要是短期贷款的贡献；长期贷款的效应很微弱。结论表明中国的银行对上市公司盈余管理能够发挥一定的监督作用。
［关键词］ 银行债权；治理效应；银行监督；盈余管理
［Abstract］ Separating bank's from corporation's total claims, this paper study the effect of the comprehensive governance of the Chinese bank's claims on the listed corporation's earnings management. Based on the listed companies' 4 408 mixed data from 2004 to 2007, the paper analyzes the influence of the bank's ranking and the effects, from the comprehensive governance and the governance of claims' term structure, on the earnings management. The results show that the relationship between the bank's total loan amount, short-term loans and reputation and the extent of listed corporation's earnings management is basically negative. The short-term loan and the bank's ranking have some influence on the effects of the governance of earnings management. The effects of comprehensive governance are mainly from the short-term loan and the effects of the long-term loan are very weak. The conclusion shows that the Chinese banks can play a supervisory role on the earnings management.
［Key words］ bank's claims; effects of governance; banking supervision; earnings management
银行业上市公司盈利能力持续性的影响因素
郭小群 杨剑波 彭本红
［摘 要］ 盈利能力是商业银行经营效率的主要指标之一，安全性与流动性则是商业银行盈利能力的前提与基础。本文通过对2006~2008年中国14家上市商业银行的分析发现：中国上市银行的盈利能力持续性与收益留存率、成本收入比负相关，与净息差正相关，上市银行盈利能力与不良贷款率呈负相关，盈利能力持续性呈现上升趋势。因此，继续推进商业银行的市场化改革和经营模式的转型，实现资本集约经营和适当增加分红派息比例，加强核心资本充足率的监管等措施，对提升银行业上市公司盈利能力持续性、经营效率和稳定发展将起到关键作用。
［关键词］ 上市银行；盈利能力；经营转型；经营效率
［Abstract］ Profitability is one of the main indicators of commercial bank's efficiency. Security and mobility are the prerequisite and foundation of the profitability. Based on the analysis of Chinese 14 listed commercial banks' data from 2006 to 2008, the paper finds that the continuity of Chinese listed bank's profitability is negatively correlated with its revenue retention and cost-income ratio, positively with net interest margin, the profitability negatively with the non-performing loans and the continuity of profitability shows an upward trend. Therefore, commercial banks' efforts, continuing to promote the market-oriented reforms and the transformation of business model, achieve capital-intensive operation and appropriately raise dividend payout ratio, and strengthen the regulation of core capital adequacy ratio, will play a key role in enhancing the continuity of listed banking companies' profitability, operational efficiency, stability and development.
［Key words］ listed banks; profit ability; operation transformation; operational efficiency
大型银行与股份制银行存贷利差比较研究
何自云
［摘 要］ 本文利用6家上市银行2005~2009年的日均数据，经比较分析表明4家大型银行的存贷利差持续、显著高于2家股份制银行。这一差异的原因不在于各银行之间相差不大的存款平均利率，而在于贷款平均利率。股份制银行贷款平均利率较低，源于低利率票据贴现的比重较高和公司贷款的利率较低，这两者意味着股份制银行可能在竞争中采取了比较激进的策略来争取客户。利差收窄背景下各银行纷纷采取的“以量补价”策略，既不能真正解决问题，也不具有可持续性。为此，商业银行应大量发放中小企业贷款，但这可能需要提高对不良贷款的容忍度。
［关键词］ 商业银行；存贷利差；大型银行；股份制银行；以量补价
［Abstract］ Based on the six listed banks' daily average data from 2005 to 2009, the comparison of the paper indicates that the four large banks' loan-to-deposit spreads are continuously and significantly higher than two joint-stock banks'. The reason is not the various bank's average deposit interest rate, which is not much different between banks, but the average loan interest rate. The joint-stock bank's loan average interest rate is lower due to the higher proportion of low-interest-rate discount notes and the lower interest rate of corporate loan, which means that the joint-stock banks may take a more radical strategy to compete for customers. In the situation of spread narrowing, banks adopt the "quantity compensating price" policy, which can neither really solve the problem nor continue. Therefore, commercial banks should grant a large number of loans to SMEs, which may require increasing the tolerance of non-performing loans.
［Key words］ commercial bank; loan-to-deposit spread; large bank; joint-stock bank; quantity compensating price
商业银行内部评级法的违约概率预测新方法——含随机效应的二值响应面板数据模型
郑大川 沈利生 黄 震
［摘 要］ 违约概率（PD）的计量是商业银行内部评级体系的基础，它对整个内部评级体系的效果有根本性的影响。目前各种违约概率计量方法最大的缺陷是完全忽略了时间效应的影响，本文提出的含随机效应的二值响应面板数据模型是对现有各种方法的完善。首先，它将二值响应模型融合在面板数据分析中；其次，它特别考虑了因为观测时间不同而产生的时间效应，依此在模型中加入了随机截距项和随机系数。实证结果表明，这一方法具有更好的解释能力和预测效果，是银行业进行内部评级工作的理想模型，因此具有很强的理论意义和实践意义。
［关键词］ 内部评级法；面板数据模型；二值响应模型；随机效应
［Abstract］ The measurement of the probability of default (PD) is a basis of commercial bank's IRS (internal rating system) and has fundamental influence on the effectiveness of IRS. Currently, the largest defect of various measurement methods is completely ignored the time effects. The dichotomous responsive panel data model with random-effect, a new model proposed by this paper, is an improvement of the existing various methods. First, it incorporates dichotomous responses model with panel data analysis. Second, it particularly considers the time effect resulting from the difference in observing time and so adding a random-intercept and random-coefficient into the model. The empirical results indicate that the new model has a better explanation capacity and can make a more accurate prediction, therefore it will be an ideal model for bank's internal rating operation and has strong theoretical and practical values.
［Key words］ internal rating-based approaches; panel data model; dichotomous responses model; random effect
集团关联企业风险管理模式探讨
高 忻 郑允弢
［摘 要］ 使用现代化信息手段，充分缓解因信息不对称导致的集团关联企业信用风险是商业银行急需解决的重要课题。本文提出了一种全新的集团关联企业风险管理模式，该模式依托数据仓库的海量信息处理能力，基于企业的关联关系、信贷行为、同业信息而构建，最终实现了关联群的自动化识别、生成和拆分，并通过预警模式的选择实现集团关联企业贷前、贷中以及贷后的全流程风险管理。这种模式使商业银行认识到集团关联企业的管理不应囿于某一个部门、某一家分行，而要从全局的角度、从流程银行的角度、从信息流管理的角度来对待，不仅是技术手段的改变，更是一次管理理念的转变。
［关键词］ 集团关联企业；数据仓库；风险预警；管理信息
［Abstract］ It is an urgent and important issue for commercial bank to study how to utilize the modern information means to fully reduce the credit risk, resulting from information asymmetry, of group's related enterprise. This paper presents a new risk management model of group's related enterprise. Relied on the capacity of the data warehouse to process massive information and based on the enterprise's relevance, credit behavior and the information of the same industry, the model is built. Ultimately, the automatic identification, generation and split are realized and through the choice of early warning model, so is the risk management of group's related enterprise in the whole process before the loan, during the loan and after the loan. By this model, commercial bank will understand that the management of related enterprise should not be confined in a particular department or a particular branch and it should be viewed from the perspective of all departments, process bank and information flow management. This is not only the change of technical means, but also that of management philosophy.
［Key words］ group's related enterprise; data warehouse; risk early warning; management information
商业银行高净值客户的管理与维护
中国工商银行宁波市分行课题组
［摘 要］ 中国私人财富市场蕴含巨大的市场价值和可观的增长潜力。本文重点研究商业银行应如何对高净值客户进行有效的管理与维护。在分析中外资银行在我国开展私人银行业务现状的基础上，指出了当前工商银行宁波市分行在高净值客户管理与维护中存在的问题，进而提出要通过完善客户关系体系，提升客户服务人员的综合素质，选择适宜的高净值客户管理模式，推广信息系统及统计数据应用，加速创新符合高端客户需求的金融产品，建立和完善高端客户增值服务体系等策略来实现高净值客户的多元化服务需求，为商业银行进行高端客户管理提供有效借鉴。
［关键词］ 商业银行；私人银行；高净值客户；客户关系管理
［Abstract］ China's private wealth market reserves enormous market value and considerable growth potential. This paper focuses on how the commercial banks should effectively manage and maintain their high net-worth customers. Based on the analysis of the current situation of foreign banks carrying out private banking business in China , the paper points out the problems of ICBC Ningbo Branch in the management and maintenance of high net-worth customers , and then proposes to improve the customer relations system and customer service quality, choose appropriate management mode of high net-worth customers , promote the application of information systems and statistical data, accelerate the innovation of financial products meeting high-class customers' needs, establish and improve the appreciation service system for high-class customers, meet high net-worth customers' demands for diversified services, and provide effective reference for commercial banks in the management of high-class customers.
［Key words］ commercial bank; private bank; high net-worth customer; customer relationship management
商业银行房地产信贷业务的风险与控制
匡小平 苏南宏
［摘 要］ 在中国房地产市场处于深度调整的复杂形势下，由于房地产价格的持续增长、利率上行压力的存在、现行政策的不完善、消费需求基础的削弱以及银行自身信贷管理水平不高等原因，国内商业银行房地产信贷风险日益凸显。因此，必须全方位、多角度对房地产信贷业务进行风险控制，包括系统性风险和非系统性风险控制。系统性风险控制包括加强市场预警、拓宽房地产融资渠道、实行区域管理；非系统性风险控制主要有明确定位、规范准入、加强信贷风险度量模型研究、对客户信息实行统一管理、对地产商实行分类管理以及严控抵押品价值缺口等。
［关键词］ 商业银行；房地产信贷；信贷风险；风险控制
［Abstract］ In the complex situation that Chinese real estate market is undergoing a major adjustment, the risk of domestic commercial bank's real estate credit has become increasingly prominent, due to the continued growth in real estate prices, the upward trend of interest rates, the imperfection of the current policy, the decrease of consumer demand and the low level of bank's credit management. Therefore, the banks must control the risks, including systematic and non-systematic, of real estate credit in all aspects. The control means of systemic risk include the strengthening of market early warning, the expanding of the way of real estate financing, the implementation of regional management. The main control means of non-systematic risk include clearing positioning, regulating access, strengthening the study on the measurement model of credit risk, the unified management of customer's information, the category management of property developers and the strict control of the value gap of the collateral.
［Key words］ commercial bank; real estate credit; credit risk; risk control
商业银行二级分行“扁平化改革”后的内控管理
中国工商银行河南省分行课题组
［摘 要］ 作为推动经营发展的一种制度创新，扁平化改革在提高市场反应速度进而提升经营效率和效益等方面已经取得了明显成效。但与此同时，由于扁平化改革对内控管理工作未给予足够的重视，使其成为经营管理中最薄弱的环节，这种状况已经对二级分行的持续健康发展造成了不良的后果。在深入剖析扁平化改革后二级分行内控管理工作存在问题的基础上，本文提出根据当前内外部经营环境的变化，重新构建由内控管理的决策部门、建设部门和执行部门等组成的完整的内控管理体系，增强内控管理的针对性、前瞻性和有效性，成为提升内控管理水平并确保业务健康发展的关键。
［关键词］ 商业银行；二级分行；扁平化改革；内控管理体系建设
［Abstract］ As a system innovation to promote business development, the flat reform has already achieved remarkable results in improving the reaction speed and thus improving market efficiency and effectiveness. At the same time, because the internal control and management does not been given enough attention by the flat reform, it becomes the weakest link in the business management. This situation has already caused adverse consequences in the sustained and healthy development of the secondary branches. Based on the analysis of the problems in internal control and management of secondary branches after flat reform, the article proposes，according to the changes in the internal and external circumstance of the business, to rebuild a complete internal control and management system which consists of decision-making, building and executive departments. It's the key to enhance the relevance, forward-looking and effectiveness of internal control and management for raising the level of the internal control and management and ensuring the healthy development of the business.
［Key words］ commercial bank; secondary branch; flat reform; the building of internal control and management system
中国上市银行中间业务的运作效率与关联效益
闫晓晨
［摘 要］ 中国14家上市银行中间业务的运作呈现出自己的特点。其中，三大商业银行凭借资产规模的优势，中间业务收入总量逐年增加，但效率水平却没有远远高出其他银行；大型股份制商业银行中间业务运作良好。三大商业银行和城市商业银行中间业务的运作效率偏低，手续费及佣金收入的增加并没有带来客户存款的显著增加。小型商业银行该业务效率水平类似于城市商业银行。股份制商业银行具有更强的存款关联效应，中间业务效益的改善能够带来更多的存款。城市商业银行在资金、规模、技术、信息网络和业务品种等方面都难以与国有银行和大中型股份制商业银行相比。
［关键词］ 上市银行；中间业务；手续费及佣金收入；战略转型
［Abstract］ The Chinese 14 listed banks'show their own features. With the advantage of asset size, the revenues of three large commercial banks' intermediary services increase year by year, but the efficiency of the services is not much higher than that of other banks'. The large joint-stock commercial banks'intermediary services run good. The operational efficiency of three large commercial banks'and city commercial banks' intermediary services is low. The increase in these banks'fee and commission income has not brought a significant increase in their customer deposits. The efficiency of small commercial banks' services is similar to that of city commercial banks'. The correlative effects of joint-stock commercial banks'savings are stronger and the efficiency improvement of the banks' services leads to more deposits. It's difficult for the city commercial banks to compete with the state-owned banks and the large and medium joint-stock commercial banks in capital, scale, technology, information networks and business lines.
［Key words］ listed banks; intermediary business; fee and commission income; strategic tranformation