全面开放与走向国际的中国银行业研究文献述评——纪念中国加入WTO 10周年
《金融论坛》编辑部 (3)
All-Around Opening and Internationalization of Chinese Banking：A Literature Review——To Commemorate the Tenth Anniversary of the Entry of China into WTO
The Editorial Department of FINANCE FORUM (3)
基于“强银行指数”的中国银行业从“大”到“强”研究
乔海曙 陈娟妮 徐卯晓 (17)
The Research into the Development of Chinese Banking from the Big to the Strong on the Basis of Strong Bank Index
QIAO Hai-shu CHEN Juan-ni XU Mao-xiao (17)
中国大型商业银行跨国并购及其效率影响
梁慧贤 简俭敏 江淮安 于艺海 (29)
The Cross-Border M&As of Chinese Large Commercial Banks and the Influence in Efficiency
LIANG Hui-xian JIAN Jian-min JIANG Huai-an YU Yi-hai (29)
中国银行业综合化经营法制与实践的互动
李江鸿 (37)
The Interaction between Law and Practice of Comprehensive Operation of Chinese Banking
LI Jiang-hong (37)
外资股权对中国商业银行绩效的影响
刘远亮 葛鹤军 (46)
The Influence of Foreign Equity on the Performance of Chinese Commercial Banks
LIU Yuan-liang GE He-jun (46)
中国银行业效率的动态实证分析
张 洋 (51)
The Dynamic and Empirical Analysis of Chinese Banks' Efficiency
ZHANG Yang (51)
亚洲新兴市场经济走势及其对中资银行国际化的启示
中国工商银行城市金融研究所课题组 (57)
The Economic Trends in Asian Emerging Markets and Their Enlightenments to Chinese Bank's Internationalization
The Study Group of Urban Finance Research Institute，ICBC (57)
人民币国际化与中资商业银行国际化
韩长征 (65)
The Internationalization of Both RMB and Chinese Commercial Banks
HAN Chang-zheng (65)
人民币国际化进程中离岸金融市场发展研究
屠 晶 (71)
The Development of Offshore Financial Market in the Process of RMB Internationalization
TU Jing (71)
入世以来中国商业银行房地产信贷风险现状与评估
张仁枫 (78)
Chinese Commercial Banks' Real Estate Credit Risks and the Assessment Since the Accession to WTO
ZHANG Ren-feng (78)
入世以来上海地区牡丹信用卡业务的发展
中国工商银行上海市分行银行卡部课题组 (84)
The Development of Peony Credit Card Business in Shanghai Since the Entry of China into WTO
The Study Group of Credit Card Department of ICBC Shanghai Branch (84)
入世10年中国银行业的成就与面临的挑战
王光明 (89)
The Achievements and Challenges Faced by China's Banking since the Entry into WTO
WANG Guang-ming (89)
中国私人银行的发展现状及品牌建设
沈欢欢 (92)
The Development Status and Brand Building of Chinese Private Banking
SHEN Huan-huan (92)
商业银行外汇风险管理业务应用研究
蒋 川 (99)
A Study of the Applications of Commercial Bank's Foreign Exchange Risk Management Business
JIANG Chuan (99)
后危机时代金融创新与风险管理的协调发展
陈 航 (106)
The Coordinated Development of Financial Innovation and Risk Management in the Post-Crisis Era
CHEN Hang (106)
自动柜员机全生命周期分析
蔡宁伟 (113)
The Analysis of Whole Life-Cycle of Automoatic Teller Machine
CAI Ning-wei (113)
“资本约束与商业银行经营转型”研讨会发言摘要 (122)
本刊2011年总目录 (124)
全面开放与走向国际的中国银行业研究文献述评——纪念中国银行业加入WTO 10周年
《金融论坛》编辑部
［摘 要］ 中国银行业全面开放以来有关全面开放与走向国际的中国银行业的研究文献大体可以归为两大类：一类是从中资银行的视角，探讨中资银行的经营转型和国际竞争力，以及如何实施国际化经营并推进跨国并购；另一类则是基于外资银行的视角，研究它们在中国的经营发展，对中国银行业的影响以及对外资银行的监管。这些文献的研究热点转换反映了中国银行业的发展实践，研究视角多元化，在研究方法上定性和定量分析并重。未来的研究应更多关注危机后发展中国家银行国际化和并购的发展，新的研究方法和工具，典型案例的收集，外资银行对中国银行业的长期影响等。
［关键词］ WTO；中国银行业；全面开放；国际化
［Abstract］ Since the all-around opening, Chinese banking has been gradually going global. Literatures on this topic can generally be classified into two categories: one is from the perspective of Chinese banks to analyze their operating transformation, international competitiveness, international operation and overseas M&A; the other one is based on the perspective of foreign banks to discuss their operation in China, their impact on Chinese banking and the regulation on them. According to those literatures, the conversion of hot issues basically reflect the development and practice of Chinese banking, research angles are diversified, and equal importance is attached to both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the future, scholars may pay more attention to the development of banks from developing countries in internationalization and M&A after the global financial crisis, new research approaches and tools, the collection of representative cases and the long-term influence of foreign banks on Chinese banking.
［Key words］ WTO; Chinese banking; all-around opening; internationalization
基于强银行指数的中国银行业从大到强研究
乔海曙 陈娟妮 徐卯晓
［摘 要］ 基于上市银行价值管理视角的“强”银行体现于股东价值、资产价值和品牌价值的最大化。以三大价值为基础本文构建了“强银行指数”，并对全球主要银行进行评价，得出“最大不等于最强”、“世界银行业东升西落”、“中国银行业存在‘虚胖'之忧”三大结论。中国银行业“最大”却没有“最强”的症结在于银行治理缺陷、创新能力不足和国际化程度低。强化银行公司治理实现股东价值最大化，提升创新水平以实现资产价值最大化，优化“走出去”战略实现品牌价值最大化是中国银行业从“大”到“强”突破性发展的战略选择。
［关键词］ 强银行指数；股东价值；资产价值；品牌价值；创新
［Abstract］ From the perspective of value management of listed bank, the characteristics of “strong” bank reflect in the maximization of shareholder value, asset value and brand value. The paper constructs a “strong bank index” on the basis of three values mentioned above and evaluates major global banks. Three conclusions are obtained: the biggest is not equal to the strongest; banks in western world are falling while banks in eastern world are emerging; and China's banking sector faces the problem of “puffiness”. The crucial reason that Chinese banking sector is the biggest but not the strongest lies in the deficiencies in bank governance, the lack of innovation capacity and the low degree of internationalization. Strengthening bank governance to maximize shareholder value, enhancing the level of innovation to maximize asset value and optimizing internationalization strategy to maximize brand value are feasible strategic choices for Chinese banking sector to realize the breakthrough development from the “big” to the “strong”.
［Key words］ strong bank index; shareholder value; asset value; brand value; innovation
中国大型商业银行跨国并购及其效率影响
梁慧贤 简俭敏 江淮安 于艺海
［摘 要］ 中国的商业银行进行跨国并购主要是为了追求规模经济效应、获得管理协同效应、实现多元化经营以及开拓海外市场。本文使用数据包络分析法（DEA）分析中国工商银行、中国银行和中国建设银行跨国并购对银行效率的影响。实证结果显示：海外并购在短期内会使主并购银行效率下降，但长远来看，银行效率会提高。并购后的整合、海外并购频率、海外并购经验等多方面的原因都会造成短期效率下降。本文对中国商业银行跨国并购提出以下三点建议：第一，选择适当的并购时机和地域；第二，谨慎选择并购对象；第三，重视并购后的整合。
［关键词］ 商业银行；跨国并购；银行效率；DEA法
［Abstract］ The main purposes of Chinese commercial banks to implement cross-border M&A are pursuing scale economy, obtaining management synergy, achieving diversification and expanding overseas markets. The paper employs DEA to analyze the influence of cross-border M&A activities of ICBC, BOC and CCB on their efficiencies. The empirical results show that cross-border M&A activities decreased their efficiencies in the short term, but their efficiencies improved in the long term. Decrease in efficiency is influenced by many reasons, such as integration, the frequency of overseas M&A and M&A experience. The paper puts forward the following three suggestions for Chinese commercial banks' cross-border M&A: choosing suitable timing and place, cautiously selecting targets and paying attention to integration.
［Key words］ commercial bank; cross-border M&A; bank efficiency; DEA
中国银行业综合化经营法制与实践的互动
李江鸿
［摘 要］ 入世前，我国银行业分业经营及管理体制已受到冲击，而入世则明显加快了银行业综合化经营的进程。商业银行的综合化经营有两个层面的含义：内部综合化与外部综合化。2001年以来，我国商业银行的内部综合化经营业务不断扩大，同时外部综合化进程也以较快速度推进。整体上看，中国银行业综合化经营的特征体现为：监管政策主导银行业综合化进程；政策试点与立法确认相互递进；机构性监管和功能性监管的交叉融合等。商业银行应重点关注内部综合化带来的新的法律风险，并在积极推进外部综合化进程的同时，关注商业银行进入相对陌生领域所带来的潜在风险。
［关键词］ 分业经营；综合化经营；功能性监管；并表监管；银证合作
［Abstract］ Before the entry into WTO, the separate operation and management system of Chinese banking have been impacted. The entry into WTO obviuosly speeds up the pace of comprehensive operation. The comprehensive operation of commercial banks has two levels of meanings: internal integration and external integration. Since 2001, the comprehensive operation of Chinese commercial banks has been increasingly expanding and meawhile, the external integration pace is rapid. Overall, the characteristics of the comprehensive operation of Chinese banking mainly embody in the following aspects: supervision policy decides the process of comprehensive operation, policy pilot and legal acknowledgement promote each other, institutional supervision and functional supervision are integrated and so on. Commercial banks should focus on the new legal risks from internal integration and pay attention to the potential risks from the entry into relatively new fields while they actively promote the process of external integration.
［Keywords］ separate operation; comprehensive operation; functional supervision; consolidated supervision; cooperation between bank and security company
外资股权对中国商业银行绩效的影响
刘远亮 葛鹤军
［摘 要］ 本文利用中国银行业有三年以上外资参股的银行面板数据，就引入外资对中资银行经营绩效的影响进行实证分析。实证结果显示：外资股权与银行的资产收益率呈显著正相关，引入外资在一定程度上优化了中国商业银行的股权结构，增加了银行的利润，提高了银行的盈利能力。因此，有必要加大引入外资的力度，适当放松外资持股比例限制，加强外资机构对中资银行业务的参与程度，以有效激发其参与改革的动力，延长境外战略投资者的持股锁定期将有利于中资银行与其战略投资者展开更好的合作，实现引进外资更好的效果。
［关键词］ 商业银行；中资银行；外资股权；境外战略投资者；经营绩效
［Abstract］ With panel data of Chinese banks that have foreign equities for more than three years, this paper empirically analyses the influence of the introduction of foreign equities on the performance of Chinese commercial banks. The empirical results show that the return on assets of banks is significantly and positively related to foreign equities; the introduction of foreign equities can optimize the equity structure of commercial banks to some extent, increase profits and improve profitability. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce more foreign capitals, appropriately relax restrictions on foreign capitals and increase foreign investors' participation in Chinese commercial bank's business to promote foreign investors to participate in Chinese bank's reform. That foreign strategic investors extend their holding periods will be advantageous to the better cooperation between Chinese banks and their strategic investors and to achieving better results of introducing foreign investment.
［Keywords］ commercial bank; Chinese bank; foreign equity; foreign strategic investor; performance of operation
中国银行业效率的动态实证分析
张 洋
［摘 要］ 本文以1998～2009年间的数据为基础，运用数据包络分析法中的Malmquist指数分析了中国商业银行技术效率、技术进步、纯技术效率和规模效率的变化情况，通过对银行业效率的横向和纵向的对比研究发现，中国银行业效率在这12年间总体效率平均提高了0.3%，其中技术效率是银行效率提高的主要推动力；通过国有银行和股份制银行的效率对比分析发现，国有银行的全要素生产率（Total Factor Productivity，TFP）相对于股份制银行提高得更快，为年均1.7%。技术进步是产生差距的主要因素，国有大型商业银行的技术进步达到年均1.6%。
［关键词］ 银行业效率；技术进步；技术效率；规模效率；数据包络分析法（DEA）
［Abstract］ Based on the data from 1998 to 2009, this paper uses the Malmquist index of Data Envelopment Analysis to analyse Chinese commercial banks' changes in technical efficiency, technlological progress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Through horizontal and vertical comparative studies, the author finds that the average efficiency of Chinese banking increased by 0.3% from 1998 to 2009, and the technical efficiency was the main driving force for banks to improve their efficiency. After comparing state-owned banks' efficiency with joint-stock banks' efficiency, it is found that state-owned banks' average annual total factor productivity (TFP) is 1.7%, which increases faster than that of joint-stock banks.Technological progress is the major factor of the above gap. Large state-owned commercial banks' average annual technological progress is 1.6%.
［Keywords］ banking efficiency; technological progress; technical efficiency; scale efficiency; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
亚洲新兴市场经济走势及其对中资银行国际化的启示
中国工商银行城市金融研究所课题组
［摘 要］ 本文在研究亚洲新兴市场经济增长现状的基础上，剖析了全球金融危机之后亚洲新兴市场强劲增长的原因及其内部经济复苏结构，并揭示了该区域未来所面临的五大短期风险。为保持区域经济的可持续健康发展，本文提出促进经济的绿色转型是亚洲新兴市场中长期的必要选择和战略发展方向，在发展层面要发展低碳经济，发展战略性新兴产业和区域内贸易，扩大内需，深化金融体系和金融市场，推动金融机构的综合化和国际化进程，制定配套政策支持是实现该战略目标的五大支柱，最后文章从六个层面分析其对中资银行进一步拓展亚洲新兴市场的启示。
［关键词］ 亚洲新兴市场；可持续发展；绿色转型；中资银行国际化
［Abstract］ Based on the study of the status of economic growth in Asian emerging markets, this paper analyses the causes of strong growth in Asian emerging markets after the global financial crisis and the internal economic recovery structure and reveals the five short-term risks faced by the region. In order to maintain a sustainable and healthy development of the region, the paper argues that green transformation of economy is a long-term strategy and an inevitable choice and the five pillars to strategic objectives are to develop low-carbon economy, new strategic industries and intra-regional trade, expand domestic demand, improve financial system and financial markets, promote the integration and internationalizaion of financial institutions and formulate supporting policies. At the end, the paper analyses the enlightenments of economic trends in Asian emerging markets for Chinese banks to develop Asian emerging markets from six aspects.
［Keywords］ Asian emerging markets; sustainable development; green transformation; internationalization of Chinese banks
人民币国际化与中资商业银行国际化
韩长征
［摘 要］ 中国加入WTO以来，人民币国际化进程加快，推进了中资银行的国际化进程，为其带来了诸多的业务机遇，开辟了新的盈利空间，有利于提升竞争力，降低汇率风险；同时，也使得中资银行面临盈利模式转型、更大的竞争压力与新的风险。中资银行应以跨境人民币结算业务为突破口，积极发展海外人民币业务，增设海外机构，支持中国企业“走出去”，加强产品创新和管理体制创新，加强国际金融人才的培养力度。同时，在海外机构管理体制创新方面，可探索三种途径，即增设海外子银行，试行国际业务事业部制和组建非银行子公司。
［关键词］ 人民币国际化； 人民币区域化；中资银行；商业银行
［Abstract］ RMB internationalization has been accelerating since China joined WTO, which advances the internationalization process of Chinese commercial banks. The internationalized development brings a lot of business opportunities for Chinese commercial banks, opens up new profit space, contributes to competitiveness improvement and reduces exchange rate risk. At the same time, Chinese banks have to face the requirements of business transformation, greater competitive pressure and new risks. Chinese banks should regard cross-border RMB settlement business as a breakthrough point, pro-actively develop overseas RMB business, set up more overseas institutions, support the “going-out” of Chinese enterprises, accelerate innovation in products and management system and foster international business professionals. On the innovation of management system, three ways are worthy to be trying: seting up more overseas branches, fulfilling strategic unit system on international business or establishing non-bank subsidiaries.
［Key Words］ RMB internationalization; RMB regionalization; Chinese commercial banks; commercial bank
人民币国际化进程中离岸金融市场发展研究
屠 晶
［摘 要］ 近些年，随着中国经济的不断发展，越来越多的非居民将持有人民币，人民币逐渐向国际化方向迈进。对于仍实行资本项目管制的中国，建立一个人民币离岸金融市场，并通过该市场商业银行将人民币发展成为具备国际结算、计价、国际投资及国际借贷职能的国际化货币非常重要。从离岸金融市场发展路径来看，香港由于独特的区位优势，将成为人民币离岸金融市场。不过，人民币离岸金融市场也面临潜在风险，为了减小风险，就需要健全离岸金融市场的监控体系、完善开办离岸业务商业银行的监管措施以及加强对通过离岸金融市场洗钱的风险监测。
［关键词］ 离岸金融市场；人民币国际化；香港；商业银行
［Abstract］ In recent years, with the continuous development of Chinese economy, more and more non-residents begin to hold RMB, and RMB gradually develops towards internationalization. Given that China still implements the policy of control over capital items, a RMB offshore financial market is very essential to make RMB an internationalized currency (with the participation of commercial banks) with the functions of international settlement, valuation, international investment and lending. According to the development path of offshore financial market, Hong Kong has a unique location advantage and will be an ideal choice for RMB offshore financial market. However, RMB offshore financial market is also facing lots of potential risks. In order to reduce those risks, we need to enhance the monitoring system of offshore financial market, improve regulatory measures towards commercial banks that engage in offshore financial business and strengthen risk monitoring on laundering activities through offshore financial market.
［Key words］ offshore financial market; RMB internationalization; Hong Kong; commercial bank
入世以来我国商业银行改革与房地产信贷风险
张仁枫
［摘 要］ 房地产信贷是维持房地产市场稳步发展的支柱。入世以来，我国国有商业银行的房地产信贷业务突飞猛进，同时也潜伏着不少的信贷风险。纵观入世以来的房地产贷款余额变动情况，我们可以发现，房贷余额的增速快于金融机构贷款余额的增速；房贷余额占商业银行贷款余额的比例一直居高不下；房贷业务受国家政策和宏观经济形势影响较大；个人住房贷款余额占房地产贷款余额比重较大，且增幅远远高于房地产开发企业贷款增幅。因此，政府要正确引导房地产市场的发展，积极开拓新型融资模式和工具，继续推进商业银行改革。
［关键词］ 商业银行改革；房地产信贷；金融监管；信贷风险
［Abstract］ In China, real estate credit has been the financial support for the steady development of real estate market. Since China's accession to WTO, real estate credit business of Chinese commercial banks has advanced rapidly, which accompanies with many risks. Reviewing the fluctuation of real estate loan balance after accession to WTO, we can find out that the growth rate of the real estate loan balance is higher than that of the whole loan balance in commercial banks; the real estate loan balance has been running high proportion of the whole loan balance; the real estate credit business is significantly influenced by national policies and macro-economic situation; personal housing loan balance accounts for a high proportion in the real estate loan balance, and its growth rate is much greater than that of the balance of real estate development loans. Therefore, under the correct instruction of the government on the development of real estate market, both innovation in financing pattern and tool and the reform of commercial banks should be actively implemented.
［Key words］ the reform of commercial bank; real estate credit; financial regulation; credit risk
入世以来上海地区牡丹信用卡业务的发展
中国工商银行上海市分行银行卡部课题组
［摘 要］ 入世10年来，中国经济金融的发展和转型为银行卡业务带来契机，上海开放多元的经济文化和持续增长的人均收入也为信用卡业务提供了良好的外部环境。上海地区牡丹信用卡业务在这10年中得到长足发展，多项指标位居同业首位。后世博与后金融危机时期，在上海加快经济结构转型、加大发展现代服务业的大背景下，上海地区牡丹信用卡业务的发展将面临多重压力与挑战。工商银行上海市分行将以科学发展观为指导，坚持业务创新，坚持结构调整，坚持服务转型，稳健提升市场占比，积极提高客户满意度，全力打造“上海地区第一信用卡品牌”。
［关键词］ 入世；工商银行；牡丹信用卡；银行卡；上海
［Abstract］ Ten years has passed since China became a member of WTO. The economy and finance in China have achieved considerable development and transformation, which provides a wonderful opportunity for bank card business. Both the open and diverse economic cultures and persistently increasing per capita income in Shanghai create friendly external environment for credit card business. Peony credit card business in Shanghai has considerably developed during the past decade and obtained the first place in lots of indicators among peers. In the post-crisis and post-Expo period, Shanghai will speed up economic restructuring and accelerate to develop modern service industry. Under such background, Peony credit card business in Shanghai will face many development pressures and challenges. Under the guide of Scientific Outlook on Development, ICBC Shanghai Branch will adhere to business innovation, insist structural adjustment and service transformation, enhance market share steadly, improve customer satisfaction pro-actively and try our best to establish “Top One Credit Card Brand in Shanghai”.
［Key words］ Entry into WTO; ICBC; Peony Credit Card; bank card; Shanghai
入世10年中国银行业的成就与面临的挑战
王光明
［摘 要］ 中国入世10年来取得了巨大成就，经济高速增长，银行体系不断完善，业务规模迅猛扩展。同时也遇到到了一些困难，包括国际上的贸易摩擦和贸易保护势力抬头，产业结构失衡，通货膨胀的压力加大，外汇储备过大带来损失风险加大，人民币还无法完全自由兑换，银行业综合经营能力和整体管理水平有待进一步提高等。银行业应该配合国家企业政策，协助企业完成产业结构调整，调整资产负债结构，储备人才，加强员工培训，应对国外银行进入中国的挑战，加强内部管理，完善经营机制，提高员工素质，全面提高中国银行业的经营管理水平。
［关键词］ 世贸组织；资本市场；银行业体系；资产安全性；自由兑换
［Abstract］ Since the Entry into WTO 10 years ago, China has made great achievements, such as the fast growth of economy, the continuous improvement of banking system and the rapid expansion of banking business. Meanwhile, China encounters some difficulties, including international trade frictions, trade protectionist forces, structural imbalance of industries, inflation pressure, increasing loss risks from foreign exchange reserves, etc. RMB is still not fully convertible. Chinese banks' comprehensive business capabilities and overall management need to be improved. Chinese banking should comply with national policy, help enterpries to complete the adjustment of industrial structure, adjust the structure of assets and liabilities, reserve talents, strengthen staff training, deal with the challenges of foreign banks in China and improve internal management, mechanisms and staff quality so as to improve the overall operation and management of Chinese banking.
［Key words］ WTO; capital market; banking system; asset security; freely convertible
我国私人银行的发展现状及品牌建设
沈欢欢
［摘 要］ 本文在总结我国私人银行发展现状的基础上，分析了成熟私人银行系统应具备的特点，指出我国私人银行存在服务观念有偏差、产品针对性不强、产品来源较为局限、缺乏国际竞争力以及专业知识和专业人才相对匮乏等问题。私人银行作为中国银行业与外资银行间竞争最激烈的业务，应该适合中国国情、民情，发挥国内本土银行的竞争优势，即服务理念迎合中国富人的需求、树立以人民币为主导的品牌形象、建立风险控制机制、加快人才培训，加大人力资源整合力度，这样才能在世界范围内树立中国人自己的私人银行业务品牌。
［关键词］ 私人银行 财富管理 商业银行，服务理念
［Abstract］ Based on summarizing the development status of Chinese private banking, this paper analyses the characteristics of mature private banking system and points out the problems of Chinese private banking that service concepts are not correct, products are not pertinent to custumer's demands, the sources of products are limited, products lack international competitiveness and banks lack professional knowledge and talents. As the business with the most fierce competition between Chinese banking and foreign banks, private banking needs to be suitable for China's national conditions and people's demands. Chinese local banks may take advantage of their competitive strengths to establish China's brand of private banking according to the following suggestions: establishing the service concept that meets the needs of the rich in China, establishing a RMB-dominated brand image, creating risk control mechanism, accelerating staff training and strenghtening integration of human resource.
［Keywords］ private banking; wealth management; commercial bank; service concept
商业银行外汇风险管理业务应用研究
蒋 川
［摘 要］ 入世后中国企业的外汇风险管理意识和水平逐步提高，商业银行金融衍生产品在企业外汇风险管理中发挥着日益重要的作用。目前，企业可以根据不同的市场环境，选择有利于自身的产品组合方案，各家银行也能够较好地满足企业这方面的需求。但是，金融衍生产品在使用过程中的问题也不容忽视，包括企业对产品的认识程度、产品的丰富程度、监管当局的政策等。企业应进一步提高使用金融衍生产品规避汇率风险的普及率，在应用金融衍生产品过程中加强内部控制，改进银行金融衍生产品服务，处理好企业微观层面的应用与宏观政策导向可能存在的不一致问题。
［关键词］ 商业银行；外汇风险管理；金融衍生产品；汇率风险
［Abstract］After the entry of China into WTO, the awareness and level of foreign exchange risk management of China's enterprises gradually increase and the financial derivatives of commercial bank play an increasingly important role in the foreign exchange risk management of enterprises. Currently, enterprises can choose their own pruduct portfolios advantageous to themselves and all banks are able to meet such demands of enterprises. However, problems in the application process of financial derivatives can not be ignored, including enterprises' knowledge about products, the richness of products, the policy of regulatory authority and so on. Enterprises should make use of more financial derivatives to hedge foreign exchange risks, strengthen internal controls over the application process of financial derivatives, improve the products and services of financial derivatives and deal with the inconsistencies between the micro-level application of enterprises and the macro-level policy orientation.
［Keywords］ commercial bank; foreign exchange risk management; financial derivatives; exchange rate risk
后危机时代金融创新与风险管理的协调发展
陈 航
［摘 要］ 后金融危机时代中国银行业将面临新的挑战。本文从市场环境的变化和创新需求的动力入手得出创新是中国银行业提升可持续盈利能力的动力，但应遵循理性的金融创新路径，必须与经济发展的程度、金融发展水平、金融体系防范风险的能力相匹配。基于此，本文提出了如下金融创新和风险控制相结合的对策：加强金融监管，扩大监管范围，注重金融创新中的风险隔离和业务独立，优化金融创新的激励约束机制，建立相应的金融技术支持体系，规范中介机构的行为，加强金融业的国际合作，强化对表外业务的风险监控和管理，以及提高衍生品的资本要求和准入限制等。
［关键词］ 后危机时代；中国银行业；金融创新；风险管理
［Abstract］ Chinese banking will face new challenges in the post-crisis era. After analyzing the change of market environment and the driving force of demand for innovation, the paper concludes that innovation is the motive power for Chinese banking to improve its sustainable profitability. A rational financial innovation path should be insisted, and financial innovation should keep in line with economic development, financial development and the capability of financial system to prevent risks. Then the paper puts forward the following counter-measures to combine financial innovation and risk control: strengthening financial regulation, expanding regulation scope, paying attention to risk isolation and business independence in the process of innovation, optimizing incentive and restraint mechanism for financial innovation, establishing necessary financial technology support system, regulating the behaviours of intermediary institutions, enhancing the international cooperation among financial industries, emphasizing risk monitoring and management on off-balance business and improving capital requirements and access restriction on derivatives.
［Key words］ post-crisis era; Chinese banking; financial innovation; risk management
自动柜员机全生命周期分析
蔡宁伟
［摘 要］文借鉴了生命周期的概念，自动柜员机全生命周期分析。自动柜员机全生命周期主要包括配备、布设、运行、业务、管理、发展六个主要流程。本文重点关注上述流程中与之密切相关的服务质量和服务效率等状况。在自动柜员机的配备上，品牌趋于集中；在自动柜员机的布设上，增速相对较快；在自动柜员机的运行上，运营效果总体向好；自动柜员机的业务上，交易量、交易额大幅增长；在自动柜员机的管理上，确立集中运营的管理机制；自动柜员机的发展上，业务替代效应显著、发展前景广阔。案例银行的自动柜员机运营总体向好，可用率、运行率等关键指标居于同业先进水平。
［关键词］自动柜员机；全生命周期；服务质量；服务效率
［Abstract］ By means of the concep of life-cycle, this paper analyses the whole life-cycle of automatic teller machines（ATM）. The whole life-cycle of ATM includes six main processes of equipping, laying, operation, business, management and development. This paper focuses on the status of service quality and service efficiency closely related to the above processes.The brands of the equipped ATMs tend to be concentrating. The quantity of the laid ATMs increases rapidly. The operation of ATMs is generally favorable. The volume and amount of transaction increase greatly. The management mechanism of centralized operation is established. The substitution effect of ATMs is obvious and ATMs will have a very bright and promising development. Overall, ATMs in case banks operates well and the key indicators, such as the rate of availability and the rate of operation, are at an advanced level in the banking industry.
［Keywords］ ATM; whole life-cycle; service quality; service efficiency