引入贷款拨备比率监管指标的影响及其改进
巴曙松 (3)
The Impact of Loan-Loss Provision Ratio Oversight Indicator and Its Improvement
BA Shu-song (3)
次贷危机的启示及商业银行金融创新的路径选择——制度视角的解读与思考
樊志刚 李卢霞 (7)
The Enlightenment of Suprime Mortgage Crisis and the Path Choice of Commercial Bank’s Financial Innovation —— Explanation and Analysis from the Perspective of System
FAN Zhi-gang Li Lu-xia (7)
产能利用不足和通胀压力并存的悖论——从产能角度思考中国经济的深层次问题及对策
邹新 李露 王小娥 (15)
The Paradox in the Coexistence of Insufficient Capacity Utilization and Inflation Pressure——Chinese Economy’s Deep-Seated Problems from the Perspective of Overcapacity and the Countermeasures
ZOU Xin LI Lu WANG Xiao-e (15)
全球金融危机下投资银行发展模式研究
李勇 陈耀刚 (26)
A Study of Development Model of Investment Bank in the Context of Global Financial Crisis
LI Yong CHEN Yao-gang (26)
商业银行履行社会责任的压力机制与透明度建设
乔海曙 刘 卓 (32)
Pressure Mechanism of Commercial Bank Fulfilling Its Social Responsibility and the Improvement of Transparency
QIAO Hai-shu LIU Zhuo (32)
外资银行对中国银行业的溢出效应
徐枫 范达强 (39)
Foreign Bank’s Spillover Effects on China’s Banking
XU Feng FAN Da-qiang (39)
行商理念与商业银行经营转型
沈立强 (45)
Itinerant-Business Philosophy and Business Transformation of Commercial Banks
SHEN Li-qiang (45)
关系型银行与中小企业贷款的可获得性——对中小企业问卷调查的实证分析
李琳 粟勤 (51)
Relationship Banking and Credit Availability of SMEs——An Empirical Study of the Survey of China’s SMEs LI Lin SU Qin (51)
中国中小银行可持续发展策略：规模领先还是特色制胜
孙翯 (59)
Chinese Small and Medium-Sized Banks’ Sustainable Development Strategies：Scale-Leading or Characteristic-Winning
SUN He (59)
商业银行人力资本效能提升研究
中国工商银行江苏省分行课题组 (65)
A Study of Improving the Performance of Commercial bank’s Human Capital
The Study Group of ICBC Jiangsu Branch (65)
商业银行服务收费的合法性问题分析
黄韬 (73)
An Analysis of the Legality of Commercial Bank’s Service Charges
HUANG Tao (73)
引入贷款拨备比率监管指标的影响及其改进
巴曙松
［摘 要］ 引入贷款拨备比率反映出监管者对银行体系的资产分类结果持审慎和怀疑的态度。本文对上市银行贷款拨备比率的测算结果显示，拨备覆盖率较高的银行，其贷款拨备比率反而可能较低，仅考察贷款拨备指标可能会产生一些误导性结论，并在一定程度上具有逆向激励效果。因此，有必要对贷款拨备比率指标进行以下改进：（1）对资产质量较好的银行提供较长的过渡期，争取实现新增拨备税前计提；（2）对贷款拨备比率实行差别化要求，差别化的具体水平可以与贷款分类的迁移程度挂钩；（3）考虑引入一个覆盖部分关注类贷款的监管指标；（4）增加贷款分类的细分层级。
［关键词］ 贷款拨备比率；不良贷款率；拨备覆盖率；贷款五级分类
［Abstract］ The introduction of loan-loss provision ratio reveals the prudential and suspicious attitude of the regulator on asset classification results of the banking system. According to the estimation results of listed banks’ loan-loss provision ratios, the higher the provision coverage ratio of a bank, the lower its loan-loss provision ratio. Therefore, evaluation only based on loan-loss provision ratio may result in misleading conclusions, and thus lead to adverse incentive to some extent. The following improvements in the indicator are necessary:（1）allowing a longer transitional period for banks with better asset quality and the new provision being charged before tax;（2）differential loan-loss provision ratio requirement and the degree of differentiation being refered to the degree of loan classification migration;（3）introducing an oversight indicator covering part of concern loans;（4）more subdivided classification of loans.
［Key words］ loan-loss provision ratio; rate of NPLs; provision coverage ratio; five-category loan classification
次贷危机的启示及商业银行金融创新的路径选择——制度视角的解读与思考
樊志刚 李卢霞
［摘 要］ 在多种因素作用下，次贷危机引发全球金融危机。如何吸取危机的教训、遵循科学的创新路径成为中国商业银行稳健发展的重要战略选择。本文基于制度经济学相关理论进行分析，认为金融创新出现结构性失衡是次贷危机发生的根本原因。商业银行制度创新滞后于产品创新导致的内部创新失衡以及由于宏观制度创新不足导致的外部金融生态环境劣化共同酝酿并催生了危机。在后危机时代，中国商业银行应遵循理性的金融创新路径，大力推进产品创新的同时同步推动制度创新。此外，积极加强宏观制度创新，为中国商业银行提供有利的金融生态环境也是次贷危机的重要启示。
［关键词］ 次贷危机；金融监管；制度创新；产品创新；金融生态环境
［Abstract］ The subprime crisis triggered a global financial crisis under the action of a variety of factors. How to learn the lessons of the crisis and to follow the path of scientific innovation become an important strategic choice for China’s commercial banks to develop steadily. Based on the theory of institutional economics, the paper argues that the fundamental reason of the subprime mortgage crisis is that there is a structural imbalance in financial innovation.The internal innovation imbalance, resulting from commercial bank’s system innovations laging behind product innovations, and the deterioration of external financial environment, resulting from the lack of macro-institutional innovation, brew and lead the crisis. In the post-crisis period, China’s commercial banks should follow a rational path of financial innovation, and promote the system innovation and product innovation simultaneously. In addition, it is also an important enlightenment of the subprime crisis to strengthen macro-system innovation to provide a favorable financial ecological environment for China’s commercial banks.
［Key words］ subprime crisis; financial supervision; system innovation; product innovation; financial ecological environment
产能利用不足和通胀压力并存的悖论——从产能角度思考中国经济的深层次问题及对策
邹新 李露 王小娥
［摘 要］ 从中国经济运行的实证轨迹来看，产能过剩存在于以钢铁等为代表的中上游工业制造业和以部分机械制造行业为代表的中下游工业制造业，近年来在以高速公路、高速铁路和轨道交通为代表的基础设施行业也有所体现。在产能过剩的同时，中国的通胀压力尤其是生产资料价格上涨压力却难以消减。产能利用不足与通胀压力并存的根源值得深入分析。生产要素价格偏低且定价机制不合理、投资和消费需求结构失衡、企业在产能过剩情况下仍有利可图、投资的行业结构不尽合理以及投资主体结构失衡是造成这种现象的重要成因，其中投资结构和主体失衡是核心的深层次原因。
［关键词］ 产能过剩；通胀压力；投资结构；投资主体；制度创新
［Abstract］ According to the moving track of Chinese economy, overcapacity extensively exists in up-and-mid-stream manufacturing, represented by steel industry, and in mid-and-down-stream manufacturing, represented by part of machinery manufacturing. In recent years, overcapacity has emerged in infrastructure industry, such as express way, high speed railway and track transportation. At the same time of overcapacity, the inflation pressure in China, especially upward pressure on prices of means of production, is hard to eliminate. It is valuable to deeply analyze the root of the phenomenon that insufficient capacity utilization and inflation pressure coexist. The main causes resulting in such phenomenon include relatively low prices of production factors and unreasonable pricing mechanism, unbalanced structure of investment and consumer demand, abnormal profitability of enterprises in industries with overcapacity, irrational industrial structure of investment and unbalanced investor structure. Among them, the imbalance of investment structure and investors is the most deep-seated cause.
［Key words］ overcapacity; inflation pressure; investment structure; investor; mechanism innovation
全球金融危机下投资银行发展模式研究
李勇 陈耀刚
［摘 要］ 美国华尔街危机是包括银行、保险公司、对冲基金等机构在内的全面危机，是各类机构以高杠杆进行金融市场交易类业务并导致巨额亏损的后果。美国独立投行的消失也并不意味着投行实体的消失，以大型银行为主体的金融控股集团确实具有更强的抗风险能力。承销、并购、财务顾问等投行业务在中国仍然前景广阔，但金融市场交易领域的创新确需谨慎。在重塑国际金融新秩序的关键时期，应尽快打造中国世界级的金融企业，继续以“商投”模式为基础，构建以大型银行为主体的综合化金融集团；在允许参股基金、租赁、保险和信托公司的基础上，继续扩大银行业务范围。
［关键词］ 金融危机；投资银行业务；投行模式；综合化经营
［Abstract］ The Wall Street crisis is not only investment bank’s failure, but also an overall crisis of institutions including banks, insurance companies, hedge funds, etc. It is resulted from the high leverage trading, which causes huge losses, of institutions in financial markets. Because financial holding group, large banks as its main body, indeed has a stronger ability to resist risks, the disappearance of American independent investment banks does not mean the disappearance of investment bank entity. The prospect of underwriting, mergers and acquisitions, financial advisory and other investment banking in China is still bright, but it is really necessary to treat innovations in the field of financial market transactions cautiously. In the crucial period of reshaping international financial order, China should build world-class financial enterprises as soon as possible. Specifically, the model of “commercial investment bank” can continue to be the basis to construct comprehensive financial group with large banks as its main body. On the basis of allowing to hold shares of funds, leasing, insurance and trust companies, the scope of bank’s business should be expanded.
［Key words］ financial crisis; investment bank; model of investment bank; integrated operation
商业银行履行社会责任的压力机制与透明度建设
乔海曙 刘卓
［摘 要］ 商业银行基于追求利润最大化和迫于各种压力履行社会责任，而信息透明度对商业银行社会责任压力机制的形成具有重要影响。通过博弈分析发现，从商业银行自身和信息相关者两个方面来提高商业银行社会责任信息透明度，有利于社会责任压力机制的形成，会最终促使商业银行履行社会责任。但信息透明度的提高有赖于商业银行定期发布独立的社会责任报告和信息相关者对信息的及时有效披露。商业银行需要根据社会期望和自身发展战略，定期制定明确的CSR目标和执行计划，从战略高度发布独立、高质量的社会责任报告。
［关键词］ 商业银行；社会责任；信息披露；信息相关者
［Abstract］ Because of the pursuit of profit maximization and various pressures, commercial bank has to fulfill its social responsibility. The information transparency has an important influence on the formation of the pressure mechanism of commercial bank’s social responsibility. Throug gambling analysis, this paper illustrates that improving the information transparency of social responsibility in two aspects of commercial bank and information holder is advantageous to the formation of the pressure mechanism of social responsibility and will ultimately urges commercial bank to fulfill its social responsibility. However, the improvement of information transparency depends on commercial bank’s regular issue of independent social responsibility reports and information holder’s timely and effective disclosure of information. Commercial bank should set specific CSR （Corporate Social Responsibility） goal and implementation plan according to social expectations and its own development strategies, and releases independent and high-quality social responsibility report at strategic level.
［Key words］ commercial bank; social responsibility; information disclosure; information holder
外资银行对中国银行业的溢出效应
徐枫 范达强
［摘 要］ 针对外资银行对中国金融市场的影响，本文采用实证方法检验外资银行对中国银行业是否存在溢出效应。通过在生产函数中构建能够量化溢出效应方向的系数，直观描述溢出效应的力度与方向，并通过对数生产函数模型，实证分析外资银行对中国商业银行在劳动、资本、管理费用三种投入要素的产出效率的影响，中国银行业在外资银行进入之后资源配置效率的变化。研究发现：外资银行对国内银行业存在正向的溢出效应，并且这种效应的方向与力度，随着中国金融市场开放程度的深化而加强。外资银行的溢出效应主要体现在中国银行业在人力及固定资产利用效率的提高上。
［关键词］ 外资银行；中国银行业；溢出效应；资源配置效率
［Abstract］ With empirical method, this paper tests foreign bank’s impacts on Chinese financial market, i.e. foreign bank’s spill- over effects on Chinese banking sector. By setting coefficients, which can quantify the direction of spillover effects, in production function, the paper provides an intuitive description of the strength and direction of spillover effects. By using logarithmic production function model, the paper empirically analyses the foreign bank’s impacts on Chinese bank’s output efficiency of three input elements, labor, capital and management fee, and the change of the efficiency of Chinese bank’s resource allocation after the entry of foreign banks.The results of the study show that foreign banks have positive spillover impacts on domestic banking sector and the direction and strength of the impacts will intensify with increasing openning of Chinese financial market. Spillover effects are mainly reflected in the efficiency improvement in Chinese banks’ human resource and the utilization of fixed assets.
［Key words］ foreign bank; Chinese banking sector; spillover effects; efficiency of resource allocation
行商理念与商业银行经营转型
沈立强
［摘 要］ 本文从营销学的视角，对行商理念进行了阐述，探讨现代商业银行经营管理中的服务转型问题。作者认为，从坐商到行商的转变，本质上是一种由被动到主动、由静态到动态、由孤立到关联的服务模式转型，也是一个主动发现、培育、维护客户的关系营销过程。作者总结了行商有利于提升客户感知、有利于开拓客户需求、有利于深化客户关系三大优势，并在此基础上从行商服务意识、服务能力和机制保障水平等方面提出：商业银行应加快实施三个转变，强化行商的服务理念；优化网点行为模式，强化行商营销服务能力；提升精细管理水平，强化行商营销机制保障。
［关键词］ 商业银行；行商理念；经营转型；服务模式
［Abstract］ From the perspective of marketing theory, the paper expounds the itinerant-business philosophy and explores the issue of service transformation of modern commercial banks. The shift from sitting-business to itinerant-business is, inherently, a transformation of service pattern from passive to active, static to dynamic and isolated to connected. Such shift is also a marketing process of discovering, fostering and maintaining customers. Compared with sitting-business, itinerant-business is conductive to improving customer perception, boosting customer demand and deepening relationship with customers. From the angle of itinerant-business service awareness, service capability and the level of safeguard mechanism, the paper puts forward that commercial banks should accelerate three important transformations and strengthen the service philosophy of itinerant-business; optimize the behavioral patterns of business outlets and enhance the marketing and sevice capability of itinerant-business; improve the level of refined management and strengthen the safeguard mechanism of itinerant-business marketing.
［Key words］ commercial bank； itinerant-business philosophy; business transformation; service pattern
关系型银行与中小企业贷款的可获得性——对中小企业问卷调查的实证分析
李琳 粟勤
［摘 要］ 本文利用中国中小企业贷款调查问卷数据，研究了关系型银行对中小企业贷款可获得性的影响。研究结论表明：企业在银行办理的业务种类越多，贷款的可获得性越大；当中小企业业主或主要管理人员是银行的VIP客户时，贷款的可获得性显著增加；银企关系持续时间和银企距离对贷款可获得性没有显著影响。此外，从总体上看，大银行贷款的可获得性低于小银行，但关系型银行变量对大银行中小企业贷款的可获得性有显著的正向影响。以上结论证明了关系型银行所具有的克服信息不对称以及提高贷款获得性方面的价值。
［关键词］ 中小企业；贷款可获得性；关系型银行
［Abstract］ According to the data of a survey to the loan situation of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs）, the paper studies the impact of relationship banking on SMEs’ credit availability. The results reveal that the more business a SME does in a bank, the more easily it obtains loans from the bank; when SMEs’ owners or the management are VIP of banks, the credit availability improves significantly; the business contact duration and the distance between bank and enterprise have no significant influence on credit availability. Moreover, in general, it is harder for SMEs to obtain loans from large banks than small ones, but the variable of relationship banking shows significant impacts on the credit availability of SMEs from large banks. Above results verify the value of relationship banking in overcoming information asymmetry and improving credit availability.
［Key words］ small and medium-sized enterprise; credit availability; relationship banking
中国中小银行可持续发展策略：规模领先还是特色制胜
孙翯
［摘 要］ 中国经济改革的深入使中小银行获得了良好的发展机遇，本文分析了中国主要中小银行的规模现状和特色业务。研究发现，不论在资产规模、机构和员工数量，还是在收入和盈利增长以及风险管理方面，中小银行的规模优势并不明显，单纯靠扩张规模很难获得竞争优势，但其业务特色比较突出。因此，中小银行一味追求扩张规模会陷入恶性循环，不利于风险管理。但中小银行开发和改进差异化产品具有很强的发展空间，其区域特色也能使之保持一定的竞争优势。另外，中小银行还可以在利率市场化的趋势下进行业务革新，获得特色制胜的可持续发展路径。
［关键词］ 中小银行；规模；业务特色；可持续发展
［Abstract］ China’s economic reform provides small and medium-sized banks with excellent development opportunity. This paper analyzes the recent scale situation and distinctive business of main domestic small and medium-sized banks. They fail to possess competitive advantages in asset scale, the number of business outlets and employees, as well as revenue, profit growth and risk management. Therefore, blindly pursuing scale expansion may make those banks involve in a vicious cycle, which is unfavorable for risk management. However, those banks have huge potential in developing and improving differentiated products, and their regional characteristics can maintain certain competitive advantage as well. Besides, they can innovate business under the trend of interest rate liberalization to obtain sustainable development of characteristic-winning.
［Key words］ small and medium-sized banks; scale; business characteristic; sustainable development
商业银行人力资本效能提升研究
中国工商银行江苏省分行课题组
［摘 要］ 本文通过系统研究人力资本效能相关理论，指出人力资本效能提升是商业银行获得可持续发展的核心，建立科学系统的指标体系是提升人力资本效能的关键，同时人力资本效能提升必须贯穿人力资源管理的全过程。针对人力资本效能现状，本文对存在的问题逐一作了详细的阐述和剖析，认为商业银行应在转变人力资本管理理念、构建人力资本效能衡量指标体系、加强人力资本战略规划、改革人力资本组织模式、创新人力资本分析手段、改进人力资本培养模式、完善人力资本激励机制等方面加大改革力度，以有效提升人力资本效能。
［关键词］ 商业银行；人力资本；人力资本效能
［Abstract］ Based on the systematic study of performance theory of human capital, this paper points out that improving the performance of human capital is the core of sustainable development, establishing a scientific and systematic target system is the key to improving the performance of human capital, and the performance improvement should be in the whole process of the management of human resource. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the problems in current management of human resource and proposes that commercial banks should intensify reform to change the management concept, build the target system of measuring performance, strengthen strategic planning, reform organizational model, innovate analysis methods, improve training model and incentive mechanism, in order to improve the performance of human capital effectively.
［Key words］ commercial bank; human capital; performance of human capital
商业银行服务收费的合法性问题分析
黄韬
［摘 要］ 对中国商业银行服务收费行为的合法性分析应当从行政管理法律关系以及合同法律关系两个层面进行。银行业监管者应当更新观念，弱化行政管理惯性，促使商业银行与其客户之间通过合同法律关系的维度来确认双方的权利和义务。根据银行服务合同是否已经缔结这一判断标准，应当将商业银行的收费行为进行分类，并判断相应收费行为的合法性。为了促进金融交易和降低社会成本，对于格式合同的法律规则应进行制度设计上的优化。同时，随着中国金融行业市场化发展，充分有效的市场竞争成为确保消费者获得公平服务价格的根本。
［关键词］ 商业银行；服务收费；格式合同；金融监管
［Abstract］ The legality of Chinese commercial banks’ service charge behavior should be analyzed from two perspectives, administrative legal relationship and contractual legal relationship. Banking regulators need to update supervision philosophy, weaken administration inertia, and impel commercial banks and their customers to affirm their rights and duties through contract relationship. According to the criteria whether banking service contract has been concluded, we can classify various commercial banks’ service charge behavior and judge the legality. To push forward financial transactions and reduce social cost, related legal rules governing standard contracts are suggested to be improved in institutional design. At the same time, in pace with marketization development of Chinese financial industry, fully effective competition has become the foundation to ensure fair service prices for consumers.
［Key words］ commercial bank; service charge; standard contract; financial supervision