人民币区域化及风险防范
夏斌 陈道富 (3)
RMB Regionalization and the Precaution of Risks
XIA Bin CHEN Dao-fu (3)
人民币国际化发展与中资商业银行战略机遇
中国工商银行“人民币国际化”课题组 (11)
International Development of RMB and Strategic Opportunities of Commercial Banks
The Study Group of RMB Internationalization of ICBC (11)
地区法律环境与城市商业银行信贷行为
王 营 马 莉 (21)
Regional Legal Environment and Lending Behaviors of City Commercial Banks
WANG Ying MA Li (21)
中国上市银行系统重要性评估
陆 静 张 佳 (30)
The Assessment of Systemic Importance of Chinese Listed Banks
LU Jing ZHANG Jia (30)
银行信贷与资产价格之间的关系
王 进 朱新蓉 (38)
Relationship between Bank Credit and Asset Price
WANG Jin ZHU Xin-rong (38)
对外贸易与区域金融发展的动态演化——基于银行业视角的分析
陈 磊 (45)
Foreign Trade and the Dynamic Evolution of Regional Financial Development——An Analysis Based on the Banking Perspective
CHEN Lei (45)
国内商业银行中层管理人员胜任力模型研究
王慧琴 罗瑾琏 余海斌 (51)
A Research into Competency Model of Middle Management in Domestic Commercial Banks
WANG Hui-qin LUO Jin-lian YU Hai-bin (51)
银行个人综合理财业务法律问题与风险防控
李江鸿 沙 金 (57)
Legal Problems and Risk Precaution of Integrated Peasonal Wealth Management Business of Commercial Banks
LI Jiang-hong SHA Jin (57)
大型国有控股商业银行绩效管理的现状、问题与改革
邵建荣 关长春 贾丽博 (65)
Status Quo, Problems and Reform of Performance Management in Large State-Holding Commercial Banks
SHAO Jian-rong GUAN Chang-chun JIA Li-bo (65)
平衡计分卡指标权重前后不一致现象研究
傅 蓉 (71)
A Study of Inconsistency of Initial Weight with Result Weight in Balanced Scorecard
FU Rong (71)
网上银行信息安全产品的服务质量差距分析
邢丘丹 牛冰洁 (75)
Analysis of Service Quality Gap of Information Security Products of E-Banking
XING Qiu-dan NIU Bing-jie (75)
人民币区域化及风险防范
夏 斌 陈道富
［摘 要］ 人民币区域化对我国具有重要的战略意义，既是我国应对当前有缺陷的国际货币体系的选择，也是我国经济崛起的必要支撑。短期内人民币区域化可能对我国的货币政策、外汇储备、资本账户管理、汇率制度及国内金融改革等造成全方位的冲击。这是推动人民币区域化不得不面对的问题，部分也是我国推动人民币区域化的目的所在。对此，我国需要通过发展人民币离岸市场来突破这些限制，同时建立应对负面影响的风险管理体系，注意把握好人民币区域化的节奏，特别要协调好汇率制度改革、资本账户开放和国内金融市场化之间的关系。
［关键词］ 人民币区域化；离岸市场；人民币跨境贸易；人民币外汇；资本账户
［Abstract］ RMB regionalization is of strategic significance for China, which is not only the first choice of China to face the current international monetary system that has obvious defects, but also the necessary support for China’s economic rising. In the short term, RMB regionalization may result in all-around impacts on China’s financial system, especially in areas of monetary policy, foreign exchange reserves, capital account management, exchange rate policy and domestic financial reform. Those influences are inevitable in the process of RMB regionalization, some of which are just the purpose that China implements RMB regionalization. Off-shore market of RMB is a suitable choice for China to break through various restriction. At the same time, China should establish a sound risk management system to face negative impacts, reasonably control the steps of RMB regionalization, and pay special attention to the relationship among the reform on exchange rate system, the openning-up of capital account and domestic financial marketization.
［Key words］ RMB regionalization；off-shore market；RMB cross-border trade；capital account
人民币国际化发展与中资商业银行战略机遇
中国工商银行“人民币国际化”课题组
［摘 要］ 货币国际化可以理解为一种货币的流通范围超出其法定流通区域，在更大的区域或世界范围内行使交易媒介、价值尺度、贮藏手段职能的过程。货币国际化的重要收益是铸币税，但同时也要付出一定的成本。美元和日元分别是本币国际化发展模式中成功和失败的典型案例。国际货币体系在金融危机之后发生重要变化，人民币国际化内外部机遇与挑战并存，人民币国际化应循序渐进地推进。在下一阶段跨境人民币业务开展过程中，中资银行可考虑如下策略：促进海外人民币贷款业务的政策突破和发展，继续搭建全球人民币清算网络，完善跨境人民币业务产品，做好离岸人民币业务。
［关键词］ 货币国际化；人民币国际化；国际货币体系；铸币税
［Abstract］ RMB internationalization can be regarded as the circulation scope of a kind of currency being beyond its statutory circulation area and the process that the currency exercises functions of exchange medium, value measure and storage means in a larger region or worldwide. Seigniorage is an important income of currency internationalization, but it has costs. Dollar is a typical and successful case of international development model of currency and Yen is a failure case. After the financial crisis, important changes have taken place in international monetary system. RMB internationalization faces internal and external opportunities and challenges and should be gradually promoted. In the next stage of cross-border RMB business, Chinese banks may consider the following strategies: to promote the policy breakthrough and development of overseas RMB credit business, to continue to build the world’s RMB clearing networks, to improve cross-border RMB products business and offshore RMB business.
［Key words］ currency internationalization; RMB internationalization; international monetary system; seigniorage
地区法律环境与城市商业银行信贷行为
王 营 马 莉
［摘 要］ 本文从地区腐败的角度探究法律环境与城商行信贷之间的关系，发现同一层面的官员腐败行为对不同性质城商行的影响不同，地市范围腐败程度越高，非国有控股城商行贷款规模越高、中长期贷款比例越高、房地产业贷款比例越高，最终银行风险越高，而对国有控股城商行的影响弱于前者；不同层面的官员腐败对不同性质城商行的影响不同，省范围腐败的影响主要在于省内跨市经营的城商行，对两类城商行贷款期限结构的影响相反，省范围腐败与国有控股城商行短期贷款比例负相关、与中长期贷款比例正相关，而对银行风险的影响并不确定。
［关键词］ 城市商业银行；法律环境；地市范围腐败；省范围腐败；银行风险
［Abstract］ The paper explores the relationship between legal environment and lending behaviors of city commercial banks from the angle of regional corruption. The results show that corruption at the same level has different effects on state-owned and non-state- owned city commercial banks. The more corrupt city officials, the larger loan volume of non-state-owned city commercial banks, the higher ratio of medium-and-long-term loans and the higher ratio of real estate loans. Such status compels banks to shoulder greater risks, but the influence on state-owned city commercial banks is weaker than non-stated-owned ones. Moreover, corruption at different levels also has different effects on state-owned and non-state-owned city commercial banks. The provincial officials’corruption mainly influence the behaviors of banks with cross-city operation in province, and the influence on the two types of banks are opposite. The provincial officials’corruption is negatively correlated to the ratio of short term loans of state-owned banks and positively correlated to the ratio of medium-and-long-term loans. The influence of provincial officials’ corruption on bank risk is uncertain.
［Key words］city commercial bank; legal environment; city officials’ corruption; provincial officials’corruption; bank risk
中国上市银行系统重要性评估
陆 静 张 佳
［摘 要］ 系统重要性银行作为国际银行监管机构提出的新概念，其评估方法还未达成一致。本文根据巴塞尔委员会、金融稳定理事会和中国银监会等部门的监管理念，从规模、关联性和复杂性出发，对附带破坏指数CDI做出改进，采用多变量极值模型和规模加权的稳定尾部相依函数，评估中国上市银行的系统重要性。研究结果表明，金融危机期间，中国上市银行股票收益极端值之间的关联性明显增加，几大国有控股银行的系统重要性程度高于其他银行。因此，从宏观审慎和防范系统风险的角度出发，应着重加强对几大国有控股银行的监管，避免“大而不能倒”的道德风险，减少社会成本。
［关键词］ 商业银行；上市银行；系统重要性银行；系统性风险；宏观审慎监管
［Abstract］ Systemic importance is a new concept proposed by international regulators and the regulators have not yet agreeed on its assessment method. According to the macro-prudential regulatory philosophy and considering size, relationship and complexity, this paper improves collateral damage index (CDI) and uses multivariate extreme value model and stable tail dependence function weighted by size to measure the systemic importance of Chinese listed banks. The studies show that, during the financial crisis, the correlations among extreme stock returns of domestic commercial banks increase significantly and the systemic importance of several large state-controlled banks was higher than that of other banks. Therefore, from the point of view of macro-prudence and systemic risk prevention, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision on several major state-controlled banks to avoid “too big to fail” moral hazard and reduce the cost of social assistance.
［Key words］ commercial bank; listed bank; bank with systemic importance; systemic risk; macro-prudential supervision
银行信贷与资产价格之间的关系
王 进 朱新蓉
［摘 要］ 本文在流动性影响资产价格的理论框架下，研究了银行信贷与资产价格之间的关系，认为银行信贷是货币流动性能否影响资金流动性和市场流动性的关键，银行顺周期的信贷扩张或者收缩造成资产价格过度上涨和下跌，并且是金融危机的一个重要诱因。作者在实证中用VEC模型证实了在中国银行业信贷与资产价格成正相关关系，银行信贷与资产价格如果偏离其长期均衡关系会得到修正，银行信贷和资产价格的变化都会对后期的银行信贷和资产价格造成正面影响。银行信贷的滞后期对资产的价格有影响但不显著。
［关键词］ 银行信贷；流动性；资产价格
［Abstract］ Within the theoretical framework that liquidity will affect asset price, this paper investigates the relationship between bank credit and asset price and holds that bank credit is the key factor that decides whether or not monetary liquidity will affect fund liquidity and market liquidity, and pro-cyclical expansion or contraction of bank’s credit will result in excessive rise or fall of asset price which is an important incentive to financial crisis. With VEC model, the author has confirmed that there is a positive correlation between bank credit and asset price, the price will be corrected if bank credit and asset price deviate from their long-term equilibrium relationship, and the change of bank credit and asset price will positively impact the following prices. The lag of bank credit will, but not significantly, impact asset price.
［Key words］ bank credit; liquidity; asset price
对外贸易与区域金融发展的动态演化——基于银行业视角的分析
陈 磊
［摘 要］ 本文基于中国省区细分行业贸易数据构建了出口的外部融资依赖度指标，用以测度中国各地区贸易结构差异，在此基础上研究了贸易结构和贸易开放对地区金融发展差异的影响机制。在控制了FDI、法律制度以及城市化水平等因素后研究发现，对出口外部融资依赖程度越高的地区金融发展水平越高，随着贸易开放度的提高，这种效应更加明显；此外，其他需求方面的因素也能促进地区金融发展。因此，各个地区金融发展水平应该与其经济发展特征相适应，以有效实现金融体系在动员储蓄、配置资金和分散风险等方面的基本功能，促进本地区经济发展。
［关键词］ 对外贸易；金融发展；贸易结构；贸易开放；外部融资依赖度
［Abstract］ Based on the export data of subdivided industries in Chinese provinces, this paper constructs indexes of export dependence on external financing to measure the differences in China’s regional trade structure and then studies the mechanisim of trade structure and trade liberalization affecting the regional differences in financial development. Under the condition of controlling FDI, legal system, the level of urbanization and other factors, it is found that regions in which export more depends on external financing have higher level of regional financial development, and with the increase of trade liberalization, this effect is more obvious. In addition, other demand factors can also promote regional financial development. Therefore, the level of financial development in all regions should adapt to their economic development characteristics in order to achieve the basic functions of financial system in mobilizing savings, allocating capital and dispersing risk etc.and to promote regional economic development.
［Key words］ foreign trade; financial development; trade structure; trade liberalization; dependence on external financing
国内商业银行中层管理人员胜任力模型研究
王慧琴 罗瑾琏 余海斌
［摘 要］ 本文基于企业发展战略提出了建立胜任力模型的理论框架，探索构建了国内商业银行中层管理人员胜任力模型，设计了生理要素、心理要素和能力要素等模型要素。其中，生理要素包括身体健康等3个二级指标，心理要素包括诚信等10个二级指标，能力要素包括风险管理能力等17个二级指标。通过运用结构方程进行分析和检验，结果表明：结合企业发展战略的分析方法是建立胜任力模型的有效方法，可以推广应用；该模型的建构可以为商业银行中层管理人员的招聘、配置、培训、考核等提供参考，有利于提高商业银行的核心竞争力。
［关键词］ 商业银行；中层管理人员；胜任力模型；企业发展战略；核心竞争力
［Abstract］ This paper presents a theoretical framework of competency model on the basis of enterprise development strategy and constructs a competency model for middle management of domestic commercial banks, which includes three types of model factors: physical factor, psychological factor and capacity factor. In detail, physical factor includes 3 secondary indicators, such as physical health; psychological factor is consist of 10 secondary indicators, such as integrity; capacity factor has 17 secondary indicators, such as risk management capacity. According to the test results based on structural equation, analysis with consideration of enterprise’s development strategy is an effective approach to establishing competency model and can be popularized. Such model can provide scientific basis for the recruitment, configuration, training and assessment of middle management of commercial banks, which is in favour of enhancing the banks’ core competence.
［Key words］ commercial bank; middle management; competency model; enterprise’s development strategy; core competence
银行个人综合理财业务法律问题与风险防控
李江鸿 沙 金
［摘 要］ 个人综合理财在国内银行业务中的重要性日渐突出，其法律问题和法律、合规风险亟待关注。为准确界定综合理财业务的提供银行与投资者之间关系，应区分综合理财业务的类别，并从解释论和价值论两种角度分析。个人综合理财业务存在合规风险引发的法律风险、消费者保护方面的法律风险和衍生产品交易方面的法律风险，在其具体运作模式中也会产生信托理财的一般法律风险、不同信托模式的特殊法律风险等。银行在理财业务中的合规风险则主要体现在客户关系、产品管理、内控管理以及投资管理等领域，并须特别关注银信合作、境外理财等专门领域合规风险。
［关键词］ 商业银行；个人综合理财；信托；法律风险；合规风险；风险防控
［Abstract］ Integrated personal wealth management is becoming more and more important in the whole bank’s bussiness, and banks need to pay more attention to its legal problems, legal risks and compliance risks. In order to precisely identify the relationship between banks which provide such service and investors, the paper classifies the types of integrated personal wealth management, and analyses them from two angles of interpretation and value. The business’s legal risks may arise from compliance risks, consumer protection issues and derivatives transactions. In various operation patterns, wealth management based on trust will face some common legal risks, and different trust modes may result in their own speical legal risks. Compliance risks in the bussiness mainly occur in the fields of customer relationship, products management, internal control management and investment management, and banks should pay special attention to the compliance risks in overseas wealth management and cooperation between bank and trust.
［Key words］ commercial bank; integrated personal wealth management; trust; legal risk; compliance risk; risk precaution
大型国有控股商业银行绩效管理的现状、问题与改革
邵建荣 关长春 贾丽博
［摘 要］ 本文以四家大型国有控股商业银行为例，评述了其现行绩效管理机制的特点和存在的主要问题。由于起步晚、经验欠缺、情况复杂，四家银行绩效管理的战略性、科学性、系统性、应用性和配套性仍有待提高。基于此，作者提出了大型国有控股商业银行绩效管理机制的改革方向：构建与发展战略和组织架构相适应的绩效管理框架，完善以发展战略为导向、以银行价值最大化为核心的绩效考核体系，实施多样化、差异化的绩效管理方法，完善全方位、全过程的绩效管理流程，同时努力实现从单纯绩效管理向全方位战略管理的重大转变。
［关键词］ 国有控股商业银行；绩效管理；绩效考核；战略管理
［Abstract］ With the cases of the four large state-holding commercial banks, the paper expounds the features and main problems of their performance management mechanism. Because of a late start, lack of experience and complicated situation, the performance evaluation of the four banks needs to be improved in strategy, science, system, practicability and auxiliary projects. Then the paper puts forward the following reform instruction of performance management mechanism of large state-holding banks: establishing the performance management framework fit for the development strategy and organization framework, improving the strategy-oriented performance evaluation system with the core of bank value maximization, implementing diversified and differential performance management approaches, upgrading all-around and all-process performance management process and striving to achieve the important change from simple performance management to comprehensive strategy management.
［Key words］ state-holding commercial bank; performance management; performance evaluation; strategic management
平衡计分卡指标权重前后不一致现象研究
傅 蓉
［摘 要］ 本文以某银行2010年二级分行行长绩效考评结果为例，考察平衡计分卡考核指标的权重前后不一致现象。研究结果表明：受考核指标的统计特征、计分方式等影响，平衡计分卡考核指标的结果权重与初始设定权重相比出现明显的标准差和均值权重不一致，这种不一致影响考评排名和分数，从而扭曲考核的激励效果。商业银行可以根据考核指标的特点，通过设定针对性的得分计算方式加以调整，或进行事后得分调整，以规避指标权重前后不一致问题的影响，并依据最终结果权重同初始权重的一致性特征采取合理的考核结果应用方式。
［关键词］ 商业银行；绩效考评；平衡计分卡；指标权重
［Abstract］ By using the performance evaluation results of sub-branch presidents of a commercial bank in 2010, the paper studies the phenomenon that the weight of performance evaluation indicators in Balanced Scorecard is incoherent. The result reveals that, due to the influence of evaluation indicators’ statistical characteristics and scoring methods, the result weight of evaluation indicators is inconsistent with their initial weight in both standard deviation weight and mean weight. Such inconsistency impacts evaluation rankings and scores, and thus distorts the incentive effect of assessment. Commercial banks could use customized scoring method according to the characteristics of different evaluation indicators or make necessary adjustments after scoring to avoid the weight inconsistency. On the basis of the consistent characteristics of intial and result weights, commercial banks can apply reasonable apporaches to fully use the evaluation results.
［Key words］ commercial bank; performance evaluation; Balanced Scorecard; the weight of indicators
网上银行信息安全产品的服务质量差距分析
邢丘丹 牛冰洁
［摘 要］ 本文根据服务营销理论中的服务质量差距模型，从加强对顾客需求的挖掘，强化有效沟通渠道，加强对员工信息化的培训，降低顾客享受免费服务的期待感等方面，提出持续弥合银行认知和顾客感知的网银信息安全产品服务质量差距策略。主要包括：改进服务意识比较薄弱的环节；重视网上银行与各部门之间的沟通协调；加强对顾客需求的挖掘，设计出能够满足不同顾客需求的服务标准；加强对传统网点员工信息化培训及服务绩效的考评与激励；充分利用传统网点对顾客使用网银信息安全产品的全过程给予指导。
［关键词］ 网上银行；信息安全产品；服务质量；差距分析；弥合策略
［Abstract］ Based on the service quality gap model of service marketing thoery, this paper proposes measures from the perspective of finding customer needs, strengthening effective communication channels, enhancing information technology training for employees, reducing customer’s expectancy of free service etc. to bridge the service quality gap of information security products of e-banking between bank’s indentification and customer’s perception. The detailed measures include improving weak service links, paying attention to the communication and coordination between e-banking and all departments, strenghening the survey of customer’s needs, designing service standards to meet different customer’s needs, enhangcing the information technology training of employees in traditional network and the evaluation and incentives of service performance, and making full use of traditional network to give guidance to the whole process of customer using banking information security products.
［Key words］ e-banking; information security product; service quality; gap analysis; bridging measures